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Heliyon2024; 11(1); e41173; doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e41173

Genetic composition of Kazakh horses of Zhabe type evaluated by SNP genotyping.

Abstract: Horses are animals traditionally playing prominent role as both food source and working animals for Kazakh people. Zhabe horses are traditional type of indigenous Kazakh horses characterized by versatility and adaptation to conditions of Central Asia. The present work focuses on examination of genetic structure of Zhabe horses using SNP genotyping with addition of previously published data. Total 1038 individuals including 403 new samples of Zhabe horses and 42 sample of white horses 'Zhetysu Asyly' have been considered. DNA was extracted from hair roots using commercial DNA isolation kit and further used for analysis of SNP by Illumina iScan system with Equine80k SNP array. The analysis of population genetic parameters (expected and observed heterozygosity, linkage disequilibrium, Wright's ) and genetic structure (PCA, ADMIXTURE) in comparison with publicly available data on selected foreign cultivars demonstrated low between population differentiations and lack of selection factors. Genome wide association study performed for body size and weight have revealed low occurrence of SNPs with significant associations, total 57 SNPs linked to various genes with low density across all genome. The obtained results highlight difference between traditional horse breeding practices of Kazakh people and stable based breeding of foreign breeds. In contrast, the 'Zhetysu Asyly' horse breed derived from Kazakh horses demonstrate the effect of intense breeding process on the same landrace. The results provide new data on the traditional Kazakh horses of type Zhabe and will assist further studies of this original landrace.
© 2024 The Authors.
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Publication Date: 2024-12-12 PubMed ID: 39758388PubMed Central: PMC11699310DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e41173Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study examines the genetic structure of a traditional type of Kazakh horse known as the Zhabe using SNP genotyping techniques, as well as data from outside sources. The researchers found that these particular horses have a unique genetic make-up, which is likely due to traditional breeding practices of the Kazakh people.

Methodology

  • The study included a total of 1038 individuals, including 403 new samples of Zhabe horses and 42 samples of a type of white horse known as ‘Zhetysu Asyly.’
  • DNA was extracted from hair roots with a commercial DNA isolation kit and it was then used for SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms) analysis with an Illumina iScan system equipped with an Equine80k SNP array.

Findings and Insights

  • The examination of population genetic parameters as well as genetic structure when compared to data from foreign breeds indicated a low level of differentiation between populations and an apparent lack of selection factors.
  • The Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) carried out to investigate links between genetic variation and body size and weight identified a low occurrence of SNPs with significant associations. Specifically, the researchers found 57 SNPs linked to various genes across the genome.
  • The results highlight a distinct difference between traditional Kazakh horse breeding practices and stable-based breeding of foreign breeds.

Comparison to the ‘Zhetysu Asyly’

  • In contrast to the Zhabe, the ‘Zhetysu Asyly’ horse breed, which is also derived from Kazakh horses, demonstrated the impact of intensive breeding practices on its genetic structure. This difference underscores the overall uniqueness of the Zhabe horse’s genetic makeup.

Significance

  • The study provides valuable new data on the traditional Kazakh horses of the Zhabe type. This information will assist in further studies of this unique breed and could have important implications for both horse breeding practices and the preservation of this traditional horse type.

Cite This Article

APA
Pozharskiy A, Beishova I, Nametov A, Shamshidin A, Ulyanova T, Kovalchuk A, Ulyanov V, Shamekova M, Bekova G, Gritsenko D. (2024). Genetic composition of Kazakh horses of Zhabe type evaluated by SNP genotyping. Heliyon, 11(1), e41173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e41173

Publication

Heliyon
ISSN: 2405-8440
NlmUniqueID: 101672560
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Pages: e41173
PII: e41173

Researcher Affiliations

Pozharskiy, Alexandr
  • Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Timiryazev Str. 45, 050040, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
Beishova, Indira
  • Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Ave. 71, 050040, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
Nametov, Askar
  • Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Ave. 71, 050040, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
Shamshidin, Alzhan
  • Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Ave. 71, 050040, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
Ulyanova, Tatyana
  • Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Ave. 71, 050040, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
Kovalchuk, Alexandr
  • Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Ave. 71, 050040, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
Ulyanov, Vadim
  • Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Ave. 71, 050040, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
Shamekova, Malika
  • Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Timiryazev Str. 45, 050040, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
Bekova, Gulmira
  • Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Ave. 71, 050040, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
Gritsenko, Dilyara
  • Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Timiryazev Str. 45, 050040, Almaty, Kazakhstan.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

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Citations

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