Genetic Differentiation of the Two Types of Polish Cold-blooded Horses Included in the National Conservation Program.
Abstract: The current role of the horse as a companion animal resulted in a decrease of interest in breeding and usage of draft horses. This meant that the population of cold-blooded horses in Poland has been dramatically reduced during the last decades. To avoid impoverishment of the gene pool of the local horse population, a conservation program was established which involves draft horses and other local horse breeds. The draft horses bred in Poland can be subdivided in a few horse types of which the most widespread and consolidated are Sztumski and Sokólski horses. These two subpopulations are phenotypically diversified, however, the overall level of their genetic differentiation seems to be relatively low and not precisely determined, especially with the use of molecular markers. In reference to this, in this study we used Illumina genotyping arrays to describe in detail the genetic differentiation of these two cold-blooded horse populations. We describe the genetic distance between them, as well as within-population variation, admixture patterns, and level of relatedness within populations. We also made an attempt to detect genome regions divergently selected between those horses by the detection of diversifying selection signals. The results of this study provide initial evidence supporting breeding decisions that were made during conservation breeding program design and answer questions raised by the breeders of Sokólski and Sztumski horses concerning the level of their genetic variation and differentiation.
Publication Date: 2020-03-24 PubMed ID: 32214005PubMed Central: PMC7143816DOI: 10.3390/ani10030542Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
Summary
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The research investigates the genetic diversity and differentiation between two common types of Polish draft horses, Sztumski and Sokólski, using Illumina genotyping arrays. The findings will aid in determining future breeding decisions and maintaining a viable gene pool.
Study Purpose
- This research was undertaken to understand the genetic differentiation and diversity between two types of Polish draft horses, Sztumski and Sokólski.
- The goal is to provide evidence to support future breeding decisions, to conserve the local horse gene pool, and to understand the extent of genetic variation and differentiation between these two breeds.
Methods Used
- Illumina genotyping arrays were used in this study.
- These high-throughput tools allow for a detailed genetic analysis, providing fully comprehensible data on genetic distance, within-population variation, relatedness within populations, and admixture patterns.
Key Findings
- Results indicate that despite a phenotypic diversity, the overall level of genetic differentiation between Sztumski and Sokólski horses seems relatively low.
- Further, the attempt to detect genome regions divergently selected presents initial evidence supporting breeding decisions made for the conservation breeding program design.
Significance of the Study
- The study’s results are important for the conservation of the local horse gene pool. The decrease of interest in breeding and usage of draft horses has significantly shrunk the population hence the need for a conservation program.
- This research assists breeding decision-making by providing a detailed understanding of the genetic diversity and differentiation between these breeds and their relatedness within their respective populations.
Cite This Article
APA
Gurgul A, Jasielczuk I, Semik-Gurgul E, Pawlina-Tyszko K, Szmatoła T, Polak G, Bugno-Poniewierska M.
(2020).
Genetic Differentiation of the Two Types of Polish Cold-blooded Horses Included in the National Conservation Program.
Animals (Basel), 10(3), 542.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10030542 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Center for Experimental and Innovative Medicine, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Rędzina 1c, 30-248 Kraków, Poland.
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland.
- Center for Experimental and Innovative Medicine, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Rędzina 1c, 30-248 Kraków, Poland.
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland.
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland.
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland.
- Center for Experimental and Innovative Medicine, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Rędzina 1c, 30-248 Kraków, Poland.
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland.
- Department of Horse Breeding, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland.
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Anatomy and Genomics, University of Agriculture in Kraków, al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Kraków, Poland.
Grant Funding
- BIOSTRATEG2/297267/14/NCBR/2016 / National Research and Development Center (Poland)
Conflict of Interest Statement
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.
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Citations
This article has been cited 3 times.- Szmatoła T, Gurgul A, Jasielczuk I, Oclon E, Ropka-Molik K, Stefaniuk-Szmukier M, Polak G, Tomczyk-Wrona I, Bugno-Poniewierska M. Assessment and Distribution of Runs of Homozygosity in Horse Breeds Representing Different Utility Types.. Animals (Basel) 2022 Nov 25;12(23).
- Myćka G, Klecel W, Stefaniuk-Szmukier M, Jaworska J, Musiał AD, Ropka-Molik K. Mitochondrial Whole D-Loop Variability in Polish Draft Horses of Sztumski Subtype.. Animals (Basel) 2022 Jul 22;12(15).
- Polak G, Gurgul A, Jasielczuk I, Szmatoła T, Krupiński J, Bugno-Poniewierska M. Suitability of Pedigree Information and Genomic Methods for Analyzing Inbreeding of Polish Cold-Blooded Horses Covered by Conservation Programs.. Genes (Basel) 2021 Mar 17;12(3).
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