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Transboundary and emerging diseases2018; 65(3); 817-832; doi: 10.1111/tbed.12809

Genetic diversity of equine herpesvirus 1 isolated from neurological, abortigenic and respiratory disease outbreaks.

Abstract: Equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) causes respiratory disease, abortion, neonatal death and neurological disease in equines and is endemic in most countries. The viral factors that influence EHV-1 disease severity are poorly understood, and this has hampered vaccine development. However, the N752D substitution in the viral DNA polymerase catalytic subunit has been shown statistically to be associated with neurological disease. This has given rise to the term "neuropathic strain," even though strains lacking the polymorphism have been recovered from cases of neurological disease. To broaden understanding of EHV-1 diversity in the field, 78 EHV-1 strains isolated over a period of 35 years were sequenced. The great majority of isolates originated from the United Kingdom and included in the collection were low passage isolates from respiratory, abortigenic and neurological outbreaks. Phylogenetic analysis of regions spanning 80% of the genome showed that up to 13 viral clades have been circulating in the United Kingdom and that most of these are continuing to circulate. Abortion isolates grouped into nine clades, and neurological isolates grouped into five. Most neurological isolates had the N752D substitution, whereas most abortion isolates did not, although three of the neurological isolates from linked outbreaks had a different polymorphism. Finally, bioinformatic analysis suggested that recombination has occurred between EHV-1 clades, between EHV-1 and equine herpesvirus 4, and between EHV-1 and equine herpesvirus 8.
© 2018 The Authors. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases Published by Blackwell Verlag GmbH.
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Publication Date: 2018-02-09 PubMed ID: 29423949PubMed Central: PMC5947664DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12809Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research paper investigates the genetic variation in the Equine Herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1), a virus causing various serious conditions such as respiratory disease, abortion, neonatal death and neurological disease in horses. By examining 78 EHV-1 strains over 35 years, the study uncovers insights into the virus’ diversity and how it contributes to different disease outcomes, which could inform vaccine development.

Focus of the Study

  • The researchers’ primary objective was to expand knowledge about the genetic diversity of EHV-1 and its relation to different disease presentations. They wanted to ascertain how and if certain genetic alterations impact the severity of symptoms and types of diseases the virus causes.
  • The study pays particular attention to the N752D substitution – a genetic alteration in the virus’s DNA polymerase catalytic subunit. This substitution has been statistically linked to neurological diseases in previous studies.

Methodology and Findings

  • A total of 78 EHV-1 strains isolated over 35 years were sequenced to undertake a broad and comprehensive analysis of the virus’ diversity in the field.
  • The majority of these isolates came from the UK and covered a range of disease presentations, specifically respiratory, abortigenic, and neurological outbreaks.
  • Through phylogenetic analysis of regions within the genome, the researchers uncovered up to 13 different viral clades (distinct genetic branches) within the UK virus population, most of which are still circulating.
  • Among these, nine clades were associated with abortion cases, while five were linked to neurological cases.
  • Most neurological isolates had the N752D substitution, underlining the previously found association. However, the majority of abortion isolates did not contain this substitution, suggesting it may not be a primary factor in these cases. Notably, some neurological isolates from linked outbreaks had different polymorphisms, hinting at the existence of other influencing genetic factors besides the N752D substitution.

Implication and Future Work

  • In addition to revealing EHV-1’s genetic diversity, the study uncovered signs of recombination—a process where genetic material is mixed—occurring between EHV-1 clades, and between EHV-1 and other equine herpesviruses, namely EHV-4 and EHV-8.
  • These findings highlight the ongoing evolutionary pressure on EHV-1 and underscore the complexity of its diversity and disease presentations.
  • The identified genetic diversity and variations can inform future research into disease mechanisms and vaccine development against EHV-1, potentially fostering breakthroughs in combating this virus.

Cite This Article

APA
Bryant NA, Wilkie GS, Russell CA, Compston L, Grafham D, Clissold L, McLay K, Medcalf L, Newton R, Davison AJ, Elton DM. (2018). Genetic diversity of equine herpesvirus 1 isolated from neurological, abortigenic and respiratory disease outbreaks. Transbound Emerg Dis, 65(3), 817-832. https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.12809

Publication

Transboundary and emerging diseases
ISSN: 1865-1682
NlmUniqueID: 101319538
Country: Germany
Language: English
Volume: 65
Issue: 3
Pages: 817-832

Researcher Affiliations

Bryant, N A
  • Animal Health Trust, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk, UK.
Wilkie, G S
  • MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK.
Russell, C A
  • Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Compston, L
  • Animal Health Trust, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk, UK.
Grafham, D
  • Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK.
Clissold, L
  • Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, UK.
McLay, K
  • Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, UK.
Medcalf, L
  • Animal Health Trust, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk, UK.
Newton, R
  • Animal Health Trust, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk, UK.
Davison, A J
  • MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK.
Elton, D M
  • Animal Health Trust, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk, UK.

MeSH Terms

  • Abortion, Veterinary / virology
  • Animals
  • Base Sequence
  • Brain Diseases / veterinary
  • Brain Diseases / virology
  • DNA, Viral / genetics
  • DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase / genetics
  • Disease Outbreaks / veterinary
  • Equidae
  • Female
  • Genetic Variation
  • Herpesviridae Infections / epidemiology
  • Herpesviridae Infections / veterinary
  • Herpesviridae Infections / virology
  • Herpesvirus 1, Equid / genetics
  • Herpesvirus 1, Equid / isolation & purification
  • Horse Diseases / epidemiology
  • Horse Diseases / virology
  • Horses
  • Phylogeny
  • Pregnancy
  • Respiration Disorders / veterinary
  • Respiration Disorders / virology
  • United Kingdom

Grant Funding

  • MC_UU_12014/12 / Medical Research Council
  • MC_UU_12014/3 / Medical Research Council

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