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Equine veterinary journal2015; 47(2); 207-211; doi: 10.1111/evj.12244

Genetic evolution of equine influenza strains isolated in France from 2005 to 2010.

Abstract: REASON FOR PERFORMING THIS STUDY: Equine influenza virus (EIV) is considered the most economically important equine respiratory pathogen worldwide. The H3N8 subtype, responsible for all outbreaks of equine influenza globally, evolves perpetually. Mutations in the genome of these viruses have the potential to modify their antigenic properties and recognition by pre-existing antibodies. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the genetic evolution of EIV strains in France and to compare it with the evolution of strains isolated globally. Analysis of the sequence data was performed to investigate any possible links between the outbreaks. Methods: Retrospective genetic analysis study of archived material. Methods: Analyses were performed on the HA1 domain of haemagglutinin H3 of EIV isolated in a previous study carried out from November 2005 to October 2010. The nucleic acid sequence of 41 strains was analysed and translated. The French viruses were compared with 59 Clade 1 strains and 83 Clade 2 strains. Strains were aligned chronologically and on the basis of their geographical origin. Results: The 16 Clade 1 strains are all derived from the outbreak that started in the Grosbois training yard in 2009. The virus genome appears to have been stable during the outbreak. The 25 Clade 2 strains were isolated over the 5-year period during which several mutations had emerged. Some strains incorporate a sporadic mutation, and others a mutation that may occur several times but does not persist. However, all strains are gradually moving towards definitive mutations. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that EIVs have evolved in France during this period in a similar manner to EIVs globally. The data lend support to the current World Animal Health Organisation recommendation that the vaccines contain a representative of both Clade 1 and Clade 2 of the Florida sublineage.
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Publication Date: 2015-03-13 PubMed ID: 25763436DOI: 10.1111/evj.12244Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research focused on studying the genetic evolution of equine influenza virus (EIV) strains in France and comparing it to those isolated globally. The findings suggest that the EIV strains have evolved in a similar manner both in France and worldwide.

Reason for the Study

  • EIV, specifically the H3N8 subtype is a prominent respiratory pathogen impacting the world’s horse population. Its constant evolution poses a threat to the equine health as the virus mutations could potentially change its antigenic properties and evasion ability against pre-existing antibodies.
  • The research aims to identify the genetic progression of EIV strains in France and examine their similarities or differences with the strains isolated globally. The broader understanding of the evolutionary patterns and links between outbreaks over time would provide useful insights in combating EIV.

Methodology

  • The study conducted a retrospective genetic analysis of the EIV stains archived from November 2005 to October 2010.
  • The hemagglutinin H3’s HA1 domain of 41 EIV strains was analyzed and translated.
  • These French strains were then compared with 59 Clade 1 strains and 83 Clade 2 strains.
  • The strains were arranged chronologically and based on their geographical origin for a comprehensive analysis.

Results

  • All 16 Clade 1 strains appeared to be derivatives of the outbreak that began at the Grosbois training yard in 2009, indicating a stable virus genome during the outbreak.
  • On the other hand, the 25 Clade 2 strains were isolated over a five-year period and showed several emergent mutations.
  • Some strains displayed sporadic mutation while others demonstrated a mutation that appeared several times but did not last.
  • However, a trend was observed where all strains were moving towards definitive mutations over time.

Conclusions

  • This study validated that the evolution of EIVs in France mirrored the global progression of these viruses during the study period.
  • The results affirm the World Animal Health Organization’s recommendation that vaccines should include representatives of both Clade 1 and Clade 2 of the Florida sublineage.

Cite This Article

APA
Legrand LJ, Pitel PH, Cullinane AA, Fortier GD, Pronost SL. (2015). Genetic evolution of equine influenza strains isolated in France from 2005 to 2010. Equine Vet J, 47(2), 207-211. https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.12244

Publication

Equine veterinary journal
ISSN: 2042-3306
NlmUniqueID: 0173320
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 47
Issue: 2
Pages: 207-211

Researcher Affiliations

Legrand, L J
    Pitel, P-H Y
      Cullinane, A A
        Fortier, G D
          Pronost, S L

            MeSH Terms

            • Amino Acid Sequence
            • Animals
            • Biological Evolution
            • Disease Outbreaks / veterinary
            • France / epidemiology
            • Gene Expression Regulation, Viral / physiology
            • Horse Diseases / epidemiology
            • Horse Diseases / virology
            • Horses
            • Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype / genetics
            • Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype / isolation & purification
            • Molecular Sequence Data
            • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / epidemiology
            • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / veterinary
            • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / virology
            • Retrospective Studies
            • Viral Proteins / genetics
            • Viral Proteins / metabolism

            Citations

            This article has been cited 12 times.
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