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PLoS genetics2017; 13(1); e1006537; doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006537

Genomes of Fasciola hepatica from the Americas Reveal Colonization with Neorickettsia Endobacteria Related to the Agents of Potomac Horse and Human Sennetsu Fevers.

Abstract: Food borne trematodes (FBTs) are an assemblage of platyhelminth parasites transmitted through the food chain, four of which are recognized as neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). Fascioliasis stands out among the other NTDs due to its broad and significant impact on both human and animal health, as Fasciola sp., are also considered major pathogens of domesticated ruminants. Here we present a reference genome sequence of the common liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica isolated from sheep, complementing previously reported isolate from cattle. A total of 14,642 genes were predicted from the 1.14 GB genome of the liver fluke. Comparative genomics indicated that F. hepatica Oregon and related food-borne trematodes are metabolically less constrained than schistosomes and cestodes, taking advantage of the richer millieux offered by the hepatobiliary organs. Protease families differentially expanded between diverse trematodes may facilitate migration and survival within the heterogeneous environments and niches within the mammalian host. Surprisingly, the sequencing of Oregon and Uruguay F. hepatica isolates led to the first discovery of an endobacteria in this species. Two contigs from the F. hepatica Oregon assembly were joined to complete the 859,205 bp genome of a novel Neorickettsia endobacterium (nFh) closely related to the etiological agents of human Sennetsu and Potomac horse fevers. Immunohistochemical studies targeting a Neorickettsia surface protein found nFh in specific organs and tissues of the adult trematode including the female reproductive tract, eggs, the Mehlis' gland, seminal vesicle, and oral suckers, suggesting putative routes for fluke-to-fluke and fluke-to-host transmission. The genomes of F. hepatica and nFh will serve as a resource for further exploration of the biology of F. hepatica, and specifically its newly discovered trans-kingdom interaction with nFh and the impact of both species on disease in ruminants and humans.
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Publication Date: 2017-01-06 PubMed ID: 28060841PubMed Central: PMC5257007DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006537Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research paper presents a comprehensive study on Fasciola hepatica, a common liver fluke, focusing on its genome and its unexpected colonization with a particular type of endobacteria. This newfound interaction between Fasciola hepatica and the endobacteria hints at possible transmission channels between the fluke and the host, and between flukes themselves, with potential implications on diseases in livestock and humans.

Introduction to Fasciola Hepatica

  • Fasciola hepatica, or the common liver fluke, are platyhelminth parasites commonly transmitted through the food chain; these parasites are of significant concern to both human and public health professions.
  • Known for impacting the health of humans and domesticated ruminants, Fascioliasis is recognized as one of the neglected tropical diseases, and it mainly originates from this species.

Genomic Analysis of Fasciola Hepatica

  • The study presented a reference genome sequence of Fasciola hepatica, isolated from sheep, supplementing previously isolated samples from cattle.
  • The genome analysis of the liver fluke revealed a total of 14,642 treatable genes with a total genome size of 1.14 GB.
  • The comparative genomics study showed that F. hepatica and similar food-borne trematodes are metabolically less restricted compared to schistosomes and cestodes, indicating their ability to adapt and exploit the micro-environment of hepatobiliary organs for their sustenance.
  • Further, the differential expansion of protease family across trematodes suggests their ability to survive in varied conditions and niches within the mammalian host.

Discovery of Neorickettsia Endobacteria in Fasciola Hepatica

  • The most significant finding of the paper is the discovery of an endobacterium, specifically a new type of Neorickettsia, within Fasciola hepatica, which was confirmed while sequencing the species.
  • This Neorickettsia endobacteria is related to the agents causing Potomac horse fever and human Sennetsu fever.
  • The locations where the bacterium was found inside the parasite, specifically in the adult female reproductive tract, eggs, seminal vesicle, and oral suckers, suggest potential routes for parasite-to-parasite and parasite-to-host transmission.

Relevance and Applications of the Research

  • The study’s findings can contribute significantly to understanding the biology of Fasciola hepatica, especially the newly discovered interaction with Neorickettsia endobacteria.
  • It may aid in researching ergo on the impact of this trans-kingdom interaction on the occurrence of diseases in both humans and livestock, and consequently assist in developing better strategies to tackle the diseases associated with it.
  • Most importantly, the genomes of F. hepatica and Neorickettsia endobacteria will serve as a resource for further exploration and study in the field.

Cite This Article

APA
McNulty SN, Tort JF, Rinaldi G, Fischer K, Rosa BA, Smircich P, Fontenla S, Choi YJ, Tyagi R, Hallsworth-Pepin K, Mann VH, Kammili L, Latham PS, Dell'Oca N, Dominguez F, Carmona C, Fischer PU, Brindley PJ, Mitreva M. (2017). Genomes of Fasciola hepatica from the Americas Reveal Colonization with Neorickettsia Endobacteria Related to the Agents of Potomac Horse and Human Sennetsu Fevers. PLoS Genet, 13(1), e1006537. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1006537

Publication

PLoS genetics
ISSN: 1553-7404
NlmUniqueID: 101239074
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 13
Issue: 1
Pages: e1006537
PII: e1006537

Researcher Affiliations

McNulty, Samantha N
  • McDonnell Genome Institute at Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America.
Tort, Jose F
  • Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República (UDELAR), Montevideo, Uruguay.
Rinaldi, Gabriel
  • Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, and Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America.
Fischer, Kerstin
  • Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America.
Rosa, Bruce A
  • McDonnell Genome Institute at Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America.
Smircich, Pablo
  • Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República (UDELAR), Montevideo, Uruguay.
Fontenla, Santiago
  • Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República (UDELAR), Montevideo, Uruguay.
Choi, Young-Jun
  • McDonnell Genome Institute at Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America.
Tyagi, Rahul
  • McDonnell Genome Institute at Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America.
Hallsworth-Pepin, Kymberlie
  • McDonnell Genome Institute at Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America.
Mann, Victoria H
  • Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, and Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America.
Kammili, Lakshmi
  • Department of Pathology, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America.
Latham, Patricia S
  • Department of Pathology, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America.
Dell'Oca, Nicolas
  • Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República (UDELAR), Montevideo, Uruguay.
Dominguez, Fernanda
  • Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República (UDELAR), Montevideo, Uruguay.
Carmona, Carlos
  • Unidad de Biología Parasitaria, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Higiene, Montevideo, Uruguay.
Fischer, Peter U
  • Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America.
Brindley, Paul J
  • Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, and Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America.
Mitreva, Makedonka
  • McDonnell Genome Institute at Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America.
  • Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins / genetics
  • Ehrlichiosis / microbiology
  • Ehrlichiosis / transmission
  • Ehrlichiosis / veterinary
  • Fasciola hepatica / genetics
  • Fasciola hepatica / isolation & purification
  • Fasciola hepatica / microbiology
  • Genome, Bacterial
  • Genome, Helminth
  • Horse Diseases / microbiology
  • Horse Diseases / transmission
  • Horses
  • Humans
  • Neorickettsia sennetsu / genetics
  • Neorickettsia sennetsu / pathogenicity
  • Oregon
  • Sheep / parasitology
  • Uruguay

Grant Funding

  • R01 AI081803 / NIAID NIH HHS
  • U54 HG003079 / NHGRI NIH HHS

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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