Genomic alterations associated with persistent infections by equine infectious anaemia virus, a retrovirus.
Abstract: The unique periodic nature of equine infectious anaemia (EIA) is believed to result from the ability of the infecting virus. EIAV, to undergo relatively rapid antigenic variations which circumvent host immune responses resulting in distinct virus populations in sequential clinical episodes in the persistently infected horse. This model was examined by oligonucleotide mapping comparisons of the RNA genomes of selected isolates of EIAV. Variations in oligonucleotide maps could be reproducibly demonstrated (i) after adaptation of the laboratory strain of EIAV to replication in a pony, (ii) after serial passage of virus between two ponies, and (iii) after a prolonged persistent infection in a single pony. In the latter case, the two isolates examined were recovered from different clinical episodes and were shown to be antigenic variants. In contrast, no variations in RNA structure could be detected in oligonucleotide maps of virus isolated after prolonged passage in tissue culture. Thus, these results support our concept that EIAV is a highly mutable virus, which may given rise to antigenic variants in the presence of immune pressures. The degree of variation observed between oligonucleotide maps is similar to that observed previously between variants of visna virus. These similarities between EIAV an visna suggest that genomic point mutations producing antigenic variants may be a more important mechanism of retrovirus persistence than was previously recognized.
Publication Date: 1984-08-01 PubMed ID: 6086822DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-65-8-1395Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
- Research Support
- U.S. Gov't
- P.H.S.
Summary
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This research investigates how the equine infectious anaemia virus (EIAV) triggers rapid genetic changes to bypass the host’s immune response, resulting in persistent infections. The efficacy of this mechanism was evaluated via a comparison of the genetic makeup of different EIAV strains.
Study Methodology and Findings
- The research focuses on two unique aspects of equine infectious anaemia (EIA). This disease has a periodic nature, with the virus triggering different successive episodes of illness within the infected host.
- The causative virus, EIAV, has the capability to quickly change its antigenic composition. These changes make the virus unrecognized by the host’s immune system and enable the virus to proliferate and cause distinct episodes of disease.
- The investigators examined this model by analysing and comparing the RNA genomes of different EIAV isolates. The comparison was done with the help of oligonucleotide mapping, which is a molecular technique that allows precise examination of the genetic structure of an organism.
- It was found that variations in the virus’s genetic structure become apparent (i) after the laboratory strain of EIAV is adapted to replicate in a pony, (ii) after multiple passages of the virus between two ponies, and (iii) after sustained infection in a single pony. In the last scenario, the two isolates examined belonged to different clinical episodes and were identified as antigenic variants of each other.
- However, the research revealed no variation in viral RNA structure after the virus underwent prolonged passage in tissue culture.
Study Implication
- The findings affirm the hypothesis that EIAV is a highly mutable virus, able to produce antigenic variants under the influence of immune pressures.
- Moreover, the degree of variation noticed within the EIAV traits mirrors the variation observed in different strains of another retrovirus, the visna virus. This resemblance implies that the creation of antigenic variants through genomic point mutations might be a significant method utilized by retroviruses for persistent infection.
- This research reveals the nature of EIAV and, by extension, other retroviruses, enhancing our understanding of these disease-causing agents and paving the way for possible therapeutic strategies.
Cite This Article
APA
Payne S, Parekh B, Montelaro RC, Issel CJ.
(1984).
Genomic alterations associated with persistent infections by equine infectious anaemia virus, a retrovirus.
J Gen Virol, 65 ( Pt 8), 1395-1399.
https://doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-65-8-1395 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Equine Infectious Anemia / genetics
- Horses
- Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / genetics
- Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / immunology
- Mutation
- RNA, Viral / genetics
- Time Factors
- Viral Proteins / genetics
Grant Funding
- AI-17594 / NIAID NIH HHS
- CA-38851 / NCI NIH HHS
Citations
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