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Genomic comparison between attenuated Chinese equine infectious anemia virus vaccine strains and their parental virulent strains.
Abstract: A lentiviral vaccine, live attenuated equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) vaccine, was developed in the 1970s, and this has made tremendous contributions to the control of equine infectious anemia (EIA) in China. Four key virus strains were generated during the attenuation of the EIAV vaccine: the original Liao-Ning strain (EIAV(LN40)), a donkey-adapted virulent strain (EIAV(DV117)), a donkey-leukocyte-attenuated vaccine strain (EIAV(DLV121)), and a fetal donkey dermal cell (FDD)-adapted vaccine strain (EIAV(FDDV13)). In this study, we analyzed the proviral genomes of these four EIAV strains and found a series of consensus substitutions among these strains. These mutations provide useful information for understanding the genetic basis of EIAV attenuation. Our results suggest that multiple mutations in a variety of genes in our attenuated EIAV vaccines not only provide a basis for virulence attenuation and induction of protective immunity but also greatly reduce the risk of reversion to virulence.
Publication Date: 2010-12-07 PubMed ID: 21136127DOI: 10.1007/s00705-010-0877-8Google Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Comparative Study
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.
The given research focuses on understanding the genetic changes that occurred as the equine infectious anemia virus was attenuated, successfully leading to the vaccine’s creation. The authors conducted a genome analysis on the four core strains of the virus, identifying a consensus set of substitutions across these variants. This pattern provided insight into the mechanics of how this virus’s virulence was reduced during vaccine development.
Overview of Research
This research study is centered on the in-depth genomic analysis of four strains developed during the vaccine attenuation process for the Equine Infectious Anemia Virus (EIAV). The primary aim was to identify, understand, and analyze the genetic factors that contribute to the virus’s attenuation.
- The four strains analyzed were the original Liao-Ning strain (EIAV(LN40)), the virulent donkey-adapted strain (EIAV(DV117)), the donkey-leukocyte-attenuated vaccine strain (EIAV(DLV121)), and the fetal donkey dermal cell (FDD)-adapted vaccine strain (EIAV(FDDV13)).
- Genetic differences between these strains were identified, charting a series of consensus substitutions that were consistent across the strains.
Mutation Role in EIAV Attenuation
Evidence from the study suggests that these mutations were important in the process of attenuation.
- Findings indicated that multiple mutations, spread across a variety of genes, might have facilitated the virus’s virulence attenuation leading to its transformation into a successful protective vaccine.
- These consensus substitutions provide a robust genetic basis for understanding, at a more elemental level, how the EIAV was altered from being virulent to a form capable of inducing protective immunity in the host organism.
Implications for Future Vaccine Development
This research has broader implications for future investigations and developments in vaccine science.
- The understanding of these mutations could supply valuable insights for improving existing vaccines and developing new ones, particularly for those diseases where viruses need to be attenuated.
- In addition to understanding the attenuation process, this research contributes to the knowledge base about how to prevent reversion to virulence, a critical factor that could impact the long-term efficacy and safety of live attenuated vaccines.
Cite This Article
APA
Wang X, Wang S, Lin Y, Jiang C, Ma J, Zhao L, Lv X, Wang F, Shen R, Kong X, Zhou J.
(2010).
Genomic comparison between attenuated Chinese equine infectious anemia virus vaccine strains and their parental virulent strains.
Arch Virol, 156(2), 353-357.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-010-0877-8 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Division of Large Animal Infectious Diseases, Stated key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
MeSH Terms
- Amino Acid Substitution
- Animals
- Antigens, Viral / genetics
- China
- Consensus Sequence
- Equidae
- Equine Infectious Anemia / immunology
- Equine Infectious Anemia / prevention & control
- Genetic Variation
- Genome, Viral
- Horses
- Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / genetics
- Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / immunology
- Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / pathogenicity
- Species Specificity
- Vaccines, Attenuated / genetics
- Viral Proteins / genetics
- Viral Proteins / immunology
- Viral Vaccines / genetics
- Virulence / genetics
- Virulence / immunology
Citations
This article has been cited 14 times.- Wang XF, Zhang X, Ma W, Li J, Wang X. Host cell restriction factors of equine infectious anemia virus. Virol Sin 2023 Aug;38(4):485-496.
- Lin Y, Wang XF, Wang Y, Du C, Ren H, Liu C, Zhu D, Chen J, Na L, Liu D, Yang Z, Wang X. Env diversity-dependent protection of the attenuated equine infectious anaemia virus vaccine. Emerg Microbes Infect 2020 Dec;9(1):1309-1320.
- Liu C, Wang XF, Wang Y, Chen J, Zhong Z, Lin Y, Wang X. Characterization of EIAV env Quasispecies during Long-Term Passage In Vitro: Gradual Loss of Pathogenicity. Viruses 2019 Apr 24;11(4).
- Wang XF, Liu Q, Wang YH, Wang S, Chen J, Lin YZ, Ma J, Zhou JH, Wang X. Characterization of Equine Infectious Anemia Virus Long Terminal Repeat Quasispecies In Vitro and In Vivo. J Virol 2018 Apr 15;92(8).
- Sharav T, Konnai S, Ochirkhuu N, Ts EO, Mekata H, Sakoda Y, Umemura T, Murata S, Chultemdorj T, Ohashi K. Detection and molecular characterization of equine infectious anemia virus in Mongolian horses. J Vet Med Sci 2017 Nov 17;79(11):1884-1888.
- Han X, Zhang P, Yu W, Xiang W, Li X. Amino acid mutations in the env gp90 protein that modify N-linked glycosylation of the Chinese EIAV vaccine strain enhance resistance to neutralizing antibodies. Virus Genes 2016 Dec;52(6):814-822.
- Wang XF, Lin YZ, Li Q, Liu Q, Zhao WW, Du C, Chen J, Wang X, Zhou JH. Genetic Evolution during the development of an attenuated EIAV vaccine. Retrovirology 2016 Feb 3;13:9.
- Duan L, Du J, Liu X. Insights into vaccine development for acquired immune deficiency syndrome from crystal structures of human immunodeficiency virus-1 gp41 and equine infectious anemia virus gp45. Protein Sci 2015 Oct;24(10):1549-59.
- Qian L, Han X, Liu X. Structural insight into equine lentivirus receptor 1. Protein Sci 2015 May;24(5):633-42.
- Umunnakwe CN, Loyd H, Cornick K, Chavez JR, Dobbs D, Carpenter S. Computational modeling suggests dimerization of equine infectious anemia virus Rev is required for RNA binding. Retrovirology 2014 Dec 23;11:115.
- Wang XF, Wang S, Liu Q, Lin YZ, Du C, Tang YD, Na L, Wang X, Zhou JH. A unique evolution of the s2 gene of equine infectious anemia virus in hosts correlated with particular infection statuses. Viruses 2014 Nov 10;6(11):4265-79.
- Tang YD, Na L, Zhu CH, Shen N, Yang F, Fu XQ, Wang YH, Fu LH, Wang JY, Lin YZ, Wang XF, Wang X, Zhou JH, Li CY. Equine viperin restricts equine infectious anemia virus replication by inhibiting the production and/or release of viral Gag, Env, and receptor via distortion of the endoplasmic reticulum. J Virol 2014 Nov;88(21):12296-310.
- Du J, Wang X, Ma J, Wang J, Qin Y, Zhu C, Liu F, Shao Y, Zhou J, Qiao W, Liu X. Structural and biochemical insights into the V/I505T mutation found in the EIAV gp45 vaccine strain. Retrovirology 2014 Mar 21;11:26.
- Guo X, Liu C, Wang Y, Li H, Ma S, Na L, Ren H, Lin Y, Wang X. Env from EIAV vaccine delicately regulates NLRP3 activation via attenuating NLRP3-NEK7 interaction. PLoS Pathog 2025 Jun;21(6):e1012772.
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