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Genes2019; 10(12); doi: 10.3390/genes10120976

Genomic Divergence in Swedish Warmblood Horses Selected for Equestrian Disciplines.

Abstract: The equestrian sport horse Swedish Warmblood (SWB) originates from versatile cavalry horses. Most modern SWB breeders have specialized their breeding either towards show jumping or dressage disciplines. The aim of this study was to explore the genomic structure of SWB horses to evaluate the presence of genomic subpopulations, and to search for signatures of selection in subgroups of SWB with high or low breeding values (EBVs) for show jumping. We analyzed high density genotype information from 380 SWB horses born in the period 2010-2011, and used Principal Coordinates Analysis and Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components to detect population stratification. Fixation index and Cross Population Extended Haplotype Homozygosity scores were used to scan the genome for potential signatures of selection. In accordance with current breeding practice, this study highlights the development of two separate breed subpopulations with putative signatures of selection in eleven chromosomes. These regions involve genes with known function in, e.g., mentality, endogenous reward system, development of connective tissues and muscles, motor control, body growth and development. This study shows genetic divergence, due to specialization towards different disciplines in SWB horses. This latter evidence can be of interest for SWB and other horse studbooks encountering specialized breeding.
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Publication Date: 2019-11-27 PubMed ID: 31783652PubMed Central: PMC6947233DOI: 10.3390/genes10120976Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article delves into the genomic differences found in the specialized Swedish Warmblood horse breed, specifically investigating the subpopulations bred for show jumping versus dressage disciplines. In essence, it reveals there exists a discernible genetic distinction between the two, highlighting implications for future breeding practices.

Objective of the Study

  • The study sought to investigate the genomic structure of Swedish Warmblood (SWB) horses, particularly spotlighting the presence of subpopulations bred for different equestrian disciplines: dressage and show jumping.
  • Furthermore, it aimed to identify any potential selection signatures in these subgroups, which may be indicative of specialized breeding.

Methodology

  • A sample of 380 SWB horses born between 2010 and 2011 were selected for this study.
  • High density genotype information from these horses was analyzed using a Principal Coordinates Analysis and Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components. This was to detect the existence of population stratification.
  • The team used the Fixation index and Cross Population Extended Haplotype Homozygosity scores to scan the genome for potential selection signatures.

Findings of the Study

  • The study found that there were distinct subpopulations within the SWB breed, bred specifically for different equestrian competitions. This aligns with current breeding practices.
  • Signatures of selection were identified in eleven chromosomes. These are associated with traits such as mentality, reward system, development of muscles and connective tissues, motor control, and body growth and development.

Implication of the Study

  • This discovery validates the existence of genetic variance between specialized SWB subpopulations, attributed to the divergence in breeding for different equestrian disciplines.
  • It provides a valuable insight that could be useful to SWB and other horse studbooks, where specialized breeding is commonplace. Better understanding of these genetic distinctions could influence future breeding practices and the overall development of the breed.

Cite This Article

APA
Ablondi M, Eriksson S, Tetu S, Sabbioni A, Viklund Å, Mikko S. (2019). Genomic Divergence in Swedish Warmblood Horses Selected for Equestrian Disciplines. Genes (Basel), 10(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/genes10120976

Publication

Genes
ISSN: 2073-4425
NlmUniqueID: 101551097
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 10
Issue: 12

Researcher Affiliations

Ablondi, Michela
  • Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy.
Eriksson, Susanne
  • Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7023,S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden.
Tetu, Sasha
  • Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7023,S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden.
Sabbioni, Alberto
  • Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy.
Viklund, Åsa
  • Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7023,S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden.
Mikko, Sofia
  • Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7023,S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Breeding / methods
  • Female
  • Horses / genetics
  • Horses / growth & development
  • Linkage Disequilibrium
  • Male
  • Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / veterinary
  • Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
  • Principal Component Analysis
  • Quantitative Trait Loci
  • Selection, Genetic
  • Sports
  • Sweden

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.

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