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Microorganisms2023; 11(3); 556; doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11030556

Genomic Diversity, Antimicrobial Susceptibility, and Biofilm Formation of Clinical Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates from Horses.

Abstract: is an opportunistic pathogen that causes severe infections in humans and animals, including horses. The occurrence of dominant international clones (ICs), frequent multidrug resistance, and the capability to form biofilms are considered major factors in the successful spread of in human and veterinary clinical environments. Since little is known about isolates from horses, we studied 78 equine isolates obtained from clinical samples between 2008 and 2020 for their antimicrobial resistance (AMR), clonal distribution, biofilm-associated genes (BAGs), and biofilm-forming capability. Based on whole-genome sequence analyses, ICs, multilocus (ML) and core-genome ML sequence types (STs), and AMR genes were determined. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by microbroth dilution. A crystal violet assay was used for biofilm quantification. Almost 37.2% of the isolates were assigned to IC1 (10.3%), IC2 (20.5%), and IC3 (6.4%). Overall, the isolates revealed high genomic diversity. We identified 51 different STs, including 22 novel STs (ST1723-ST1744), and 34 variants of the intrinsic oxacillinase (OXA), including 8 novel variants (OXA-970 to OXA-977). All isolates were resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cephalexin, cefpodoxime, and nitrofurantoin. IC1-IC3 isolates were also resistant to gentamicin, enrofloxacin, marbofloxacin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. All isolates were susceptible to imipenem. Thirty-one multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates mainly accumulated in the IC1-IC3 groups. In general, these isolates showed less biofilm formation (IC1 = 25.0%, IC2 = 18.4%, IC3 = 15.0%) than the group of non-IC1-IC3 isolates (58.4%). Isolates belonging to the same ICs/STs revealed identical BAG patterns. BAG was absent in all isolates, whereas and were present in all isolates. At the level of the IC groups, the AMR status was negatively correlated with the isolates' ability to form a biofilm. A considerable portion of equine isolates revealed ICs/STs that are globally present in humans. Both an MDR phenotype and the capability to form biofilms might lead to therapeutic failures in equine medicine, particularly due to the limited availability of licensed drugs.
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Publication Date: 2023-02-22 PubMed ID: 36985130PubMed Central: PMC10051319DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030556Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study focuses on understanding the genetic variations, antibiotic resistance, and biofilm formation of Acinetobacter baumannii, an opportunistic bacterium that causes severe infections, from clinical horse samples. The research involved profiles of 78 horse-derived isolates between 2008 and 2020 to examine the antimicrobial resistance, cloning, associated genes, and biofilm-producing capabilities.

Methods and Findings

  • The researchers used whole-genome sequence analyses to determine the isolates’ international clones (ICs), multilocus sequence types (STs), core-genome STs, and antimicrobial resistance genes.
  • The report shows that around 37.2% of the isolates belonged to IC1, IC2, and IC3, indicating a significant amount of genomic diversity.
  • Out of all the isolates, 51 different STs were identified, including 22 new types (ST1723-ST1744). Additionally, they discovered 34 variations of an intrinsic antibiotic resistance gene.
  • All the isolates showed resistance to several antibiotics, with IC1-IC3 isolates also displaying resistance to antibiotics like gentamicin, enrofloxacin, etc. However, they were all susceptible to imipenem, a powerful antibiotic.
  • Among all, thirty-one isolates were found to be multi-drug resistant, mainly in the IC1-IC3 groups, emphasizing the potential issues in treatment.

Biofilm Formation

  • Acinetobacter baumannii isolates can form biofilms, which are aggregates of bacteria that form a protective layer against external factors, including antibiotics.
  • In this study, it was seen that these clinically derived isolates showed lower biofilm formation, especially the IC1-IC3 isolates, compared to non-IC1-IC3 isolates.
  • Additionally, the researchers found identical biofilm-associated gene (BAG) patterns in isolates belonging to the same ICs/STs.
  • Interestingly, the study also discovered a negative correlation between the IC groups’ antimicrobial resistance status and their ability to form biofilm.

Implications of the Study

  • A significant portion of the equine isolates displayed ICs/STs that can also be found in humans globally, indicating a potential risk for zoonotic transmission.
  • The presence of multi-drug resistant phenotypes and biofilm formation ability could pose serious challenges in treating infections, notably due to limited licensed drugs available.
  • The findings add to our understanding of antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation in Acinetobacter baumannii, which may facilitate the development of new therapeutic strategies in equine medicine.

Cite This Article

APA
Rühl-Teichner J, Jacobmeyer L, Leidner U, Semmler T, Ewers C. (2023). Genomic Diversity, Antimicrobial Susceptibility, and Biofilm Formation of Clinical Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates from Horses. Microorganisms, 11(3), 556. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11030556

Publication

Microorganisms
ISSN: 2076-2607
NlmUniqueID: 101625893
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 11
Issue: 3
PII: 556

Researcher Affiliations

Rühl-Teichner, Johanna
  • Institute of Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
Jacobmeyer, Lisa
  • Institute of Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
Leidner, Ursula
  • Institute of Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
Semmler, Torsten
  • Genome Sequencing and Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
Ewers, Christa
  • Institute of Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.

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