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Home / Equine Research Bank / Front Vet Sci / Genomic revelations: investigating rotavirus a presence in w...
Frontiers in veterinary science2024; 11; 1429654; doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1429654

Genomic revelations: investigating rotavirus a presence in wild ruminants and its zoonotic potential.

Abstract: Rotaviruses A (RVA) are a major cause of acute viral gastroenteritis in humans worldwide and are responsible for about two million hospitalizations per year. They can also infect other mammals such as pigs, calves, goats, lambs, and horses, in which they are also considered a major cause of viral diarrhea. While RVA is well studied in humans and domestic animals, its occurrence in wild ruminants is not well known. The RVA genome is a double-stranded RNA consisting of 11 segments, and genotyping is based on the VP7 (G) and VP4 (P) segments. Currently, there are 42G genotypes and 58P genotypes. RVA has a high mutation rate, and some combinations of G and P genotypes can infect different animal species, leading to speculation about the potential for zoonotic transmission. Unassigned: A total of 432 fecal samples were collected from roe deer, red deer, chamois, mouflon and Alpine ibex in Slovenia between 2017 and 2021. To investigate the presence of RVA in wild ruminants, real-time RT-PCR was used. Positive samples were subjected to next generation sequencing (NGS) using RIP-seq method. Unassigned: In total, 7 samples were RVA positive. Complete genomes were determined and phylogenetically analyzed for all 7 RVAs. Four different genotype constellations were present in 7 positive RVA animals: G8-P[14]-I2- R2-C2-M2-A3-N2-T6-E2-H3, G6-P [14]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A11-N2-T6-E2-H3, G10-P [15]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A3-N2-T6-E2-H3 and G10-P [15]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A11- N2-T6-E2-H3. Genotypes G6P[14] and G10P[15] were found in both roe deer and red deer, representing the first confirmed occurrence of RVA in red deer. In addition, genotype G8P[14] was found in chamois, representing the first known case of positive RVA in this species. Some of these genotypes have also been found in humans, indicating the potential for zoonotic transmission.
Copyright © 2024 Šenica, Žele Vengušt, Vengušt and Kuhar.
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Publication Date: 2024-08-15 PubMed ID: 39211480PubMed Central: PMC11358691DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1429654Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

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This research delves into the occurrence of Rotaviruses A (RVA) in wild ruminants and their potential for zoonotic transmission, based on genetic analysis conducted on fecal samples collected from various deer species in Slovenia.

Research Context and Purpose

  • The authors of this research are concerned with Rotaviruses A (RVA) – a common cause for acute viral gastroenteritis in humans and other mammals like pigs, horses, goats, and calves. This research focuses on understanding the occurrence of RVA in wild ruminants, a group of mammals not extensively studied for RVA infection.
  • The research purpose is also directed towards understanding the zoonotic potential of RVA, i.e., its capability to transmit from animals to humans.

Research Methodology

  • The research involves the collection of 432 fecal samples from different wild ruminants – roe deer, red deer, chamois, mouflon, and Alpine ibex – in Slovenia between 2017 and 2021.
  • The technique employed to detect the presence of RVA in these samples was real-time RT-PCR. The positive samples identified were further subjected to next-generation sequencing (NGS) using the RIP-seq method for more detailed genomic analysis.

Findings and Conclusions

  • A total of 7 RVA positive samples were identified, and full genomes of these RVAs were determined and analysed.
  • The positive RVAs were found to have four different genotype constellations – G8-P[14]-I2- R2-C2-M2-A3-N2-T6-E2-H3, G6-P [14]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A11-N2-T6-E2-H3, G10-P [15]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A3-N2-T6-E2-H3 and G10-P [15]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A11- N2-T6-E2-H3.
  • Additionally, the genotypes G6P[14] and G10P[15] were identified in both roe deer and red deer, indicating the first known occurrence of RVA in red deer. Genotype G8P[14] was observed in chamois, marking another first-time detection of RVA in a species.
  • The crucial concluding point is that these genotypes have also been found in humans, insinuating that they could potentially transmit from these wild ruminants to humans.

Cite This Article

APA
Šenica P, Žele Vengušt D, Vengušt G, Kuhar U. (2024). Genomic revelations: investigating rotavirus a presence in wild ruminants and its zoonotic potential. Front Vet Sci, 11, 1429654. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2024.1429654

Publication

Frontiers in veterinary science
ISSN: 2297-1769
NlmUniqueID: 101666658
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 11
Pages: 1429654
PII: 1429654

Researcher Affiliations

Šenica, Petra
  • Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Žele Vengušt, Diana
  • Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Pathology, Wild Animals, Fish and Bees, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Vengušt, Gorazd
  • Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Pathology, Wild Animals, Fish and Bees, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Kuhar, Urška
  • Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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