Genomic variability among globally distributed isolates of equine arteritis virus.
Abstract: Equine arteritis virus (EAV), a non-arthropod borne togavirus, has been shown to have a global distribution. To date, no major antigenic variation has been demonstrated between EAV isolates from different geographic origins. In this study, the genomic RNA of EAV isolates obtained from horses of different breeds in various countries around the world was oligonucleotide fingerprinted. Comparisons of these fingerprints were used to determine the extent of genomic variation among such isolates. Comparisons among isolates from North American horses revealed, for the most part, oligonucleotide homologies of less than 60%. Only 29 of the 98 comparisons revealed greater than 60% oligonucleotide homology. Nonetheless, several comparisons indicated a close epidemiologic relationship between isolates from horses of different breeds located in different states. Though all European isolates were of Standardbred origin and were from horses located in northern European countries, the majority had oligonucleotide homologies of less than 60%. Where oligonucleotide homology was apparent, it was, with one exception, greater than 70%. The two isolates from New Zealand had 93.2% oligonucleotide homology. This is indicative of an extremely close epidemiologic relationship. Comparisons between EAV isolates from around the world revealed oligonucleotide homologies between viruses from North America, Europe and New Zealand. In several instances, this homology was greater than 70% and in one case greater than 80%. No oligonucleotide homology was evident in comparisons involving the virus from South Africa. The high level of genomic conservation between certain EAV isolates of disparate geographic origins may reflect dissemination of the virus associated with the international movement of horses. The extent of genomic variation demonstrated between most of the EAV isolates used in this study confirms the need for further investigation of genomic heterogeneity among strains of this virus before techniques that rely upon nucleic acid hybridization can be effectively applied as diagnostic procedures.
Publication Date: 1992-09-01 PubMed ID: 1332249DOI: 10.1016/0378-1135(92)90099-fGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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- Comparative Study
- Journal Article
Summary
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The research article focuses on determining the genomic variability among different global isolates of equine arteritis virus (EAV), a virus observed worldwide among the horse community. Through the use of oligonucleotide fingerprinting, variations between isolates from various locations, breeds, and origins were analyzed.
Methodology
- The study utilized genomic RNA from EAV isolates, gathered from horses of varying breeds in numerous countries.
- Oligonucleotide fingerprinting was used to compare these samples. This is a method used to determine viral genetic sequences, and thus identify variations.
Results
- The research found a majority of isolates from North American horses showed less than 60% oligonucleotide homologies, indicating significant genomic variations.
- Even though there were variations, several comparisons indicated a close epidemiologic relationship between isolates from horses of different breeds located in different states.
- The European isolates, although all from Standardbred horses in northern Europe, also predominantly exhibited less than 60% homology.
- The two isolates from New Zealand displayed 93.2% oligonucleotide homology, suggesting a very close epidemiologic relationship.
Global Comparison
- When comparing EAV isolates worldwide, homologies between viruses from North America, Europe, and New Zealand were noticed, in multiple cases greater than 70% and in one instance over 80%.
- No homology was found when comparing the virus isolate from South Africa to other isolates.
Implications and Conclusions
- The high degree of genomic conservation between certain EAV isolates of disparate geographic origins could reflect the virus’s dissemination associated with the global movement of horses.
- The extensive genomic variation detected between most of the EAV isolates in the study underscores the need for more investigation of genomic heterogeneity among strains of this virus.
- The researchers emphasize the importance of understanding these genetic variations before techniques that rely upon nucleic acid hybridization, such as some diagnostic procedures, can be effectively applied.
Cite This Article
APA
Murphy TW, McCollum WH, Timoney PJ, Klingeborn BW, Hyllseth B, Golnik W, Erasmus B.
(1992).
Genomic variability among globally distributed isolates of equine arteritis virus.
Vet Microbiol, 32(2), 101-115.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-1135(92)90099-f Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40546.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Arteritis / epidemiology
- Arteritis / microbiology
- Arteritis / veterinary
- Autoradiography
- Breeding
- Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional
- Equartevirus / genetics
- Europe / epidemiology
- Genetic Variation
- Horse Diseases / epidemiology
- Horse Diseases / microbiology
- Horses
- New Zealand / epidemiology
- North America / epidemiology
- Oligonucleotides / analysis
- RNA, Viral / analysis
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
- South Africa / epidemiology
- Togaviridae Infections / epidemiology
- Togaviridae Infections / microbiology
- Togaviridae Infections / veterinary
Citations
This article has been cited 14 times.- Nam B, Mekuria Z, Carossino M, Li G, Zheng Y, Zhang J, Cook RF, Shuck KM, Campos JR, Squires EL, Troedsson MHT, Timoney PJ, Balasuriya UBR. Intrahost Selection Pressure Drives Equine Arteritis Virus Evolution during Persistent Infection in the Stallion Reproductive Tract. J Virol 2019 Jun 15;93(12).
- Balasuriya UB, Go YY, MacLachlan NJ. Equine arteritis virus. Vet Microbiol 2013 Nov 29;167(1-2):93-122.
- Kheyar A, St-Laurent G, Diouri M, Archambault D. Nucleotide sequence and genetic analysis of the leader region of Canadian, American and European equine arteritis virus isolates. Can J Vet Res 1998 Jul;62(3):224-30.
- Kheyar A, Martin S, St-Laurent G, Timoney PJ, McCollum WH, Archambault D. Expression cloning and humoral immune response to the nucleocapsid and membrane proteins of equine arteritis virus. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 1997 Nov;4(6):648-52.
- St-Laurent G, Lepage N, Carman S, Archambault D. Genetic and amino acid analysis of the GL protein of Canadian, American and European equine arteritis virus isolates. Can J Vet Res 1997 Jan;61(1):72-6.
- Lepage N, St-Laurent G, Carman S, Archambault D. Comparison of nucleic and amino acid sequences and phylogenetic analysis of the Gs protein of various equine arteritis virus isolates. Virus Genes 1996;13(1):87-91.
- Kheyar A, St-Laurent G, Archambault D. Sequence determination of the extreme 5' end of equine arteritis virus leader region. Virus Genes 1996;12(3):291-5.
- Paweska JT, Volkmann DH, Barnard BJ, Chirnside ED. Sexual and in-contact transmission of asinine strain of equine arteritis virus among donkeys. J Clin Microbiol 1995 Dec;33(12):3296-9.
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- Mardassi H, Athanassious R, Mounir S, Dea S. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus: morphological, biochemical and serological characteristics of Quebec isolates associated with acute and chronic outbreaks of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome. Can J Vet Res 1994 Jan;58(1):55-64.
- Sekiguchi K, Sugita S, Fukunaga Y, Kondo T, Wada R, Kamada M, Yamaguchi S. Detection of equine arteritis virus (EAV) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and differentiation of EAV strains by restriction enzyme analysis of PCR products. Arch Virol 1995;140(8):1483-91.
- Mardassi H, Mounir S, Dea S. Molecular analysis of the ORFs 3 to 7 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, Québec reference strain. Arch Virol 1995;140(8):1405-18.
- Chirnside ED, Francis PM, de Vries AA, Sinclair R, Mumford JA. Development and evaluation of an ELISA using recombinant fusion protein to detect the presence of host antibody to equine arteritis virus. J Virol Methods 1995 Jul;54(1):1-13.
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