FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 9000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Home / Equine Research Bank / Emerg Infect Dis / Getah Virus Infection among Racehorses, Japan, 2014.
Emerging infectious diseases2015; 21(5); 883-885; doi: 10.3201/eid2105.141975

Getah Virus Infection among Racehorses, Japan, 2014.

Abstract: An outbreak of Getah virus infection occurred among racehorses in Japan during September and October 2014. Of 49 febrile horses tested by reverse transcription PCR, 25 were positive for Getah virus. Viruses detected in 2014 were phylogenetically different from the virus isolated in Japan in 1978.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2015-04-22 PubMed ID: 25898181PubMed Central: PMC4412242DOI: 10.3201/eid2105.141975Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Historical Article
  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study discusses an outbreak of Getah virus infection among racehorses in Japan during 2014. The researchers found that 25 out of the 49 fever-stricken horses were positive for Getah virus, which was genetically different from the virus isolated in Japan in 1978.

Background and Methodology

  • The study outlines an outbreak of Getah virus among racehorses in Japan that took place in September and October in 2014. This virus is known to cause fever and rash in horses, making it a significant consideration for equestrian health.
  • Using reverse transcription PCR, a robust technique for detecting viral RNA, the researchers tested 49 horses that showed symptoms of fever. This method allowed them to determine if these febrile horses were infected with the Getah virus.

Results and Findings

  • Upon testing, the researchers found that 25 of the 49 febrile horses were positive for the Getah virus. This confirmed the presence of an outbreak among the racehorses.
  • Furthermore, they discovered that the Getah virus that was detected in 2014 was phylogenetically different from the one that was isolated in Japan in 1978. Hence, it is feasible to assume from the study that Getah virus has evolved over the years. In simpler terms, there are at least two genetically different strains of this virus.

Significance of the Study

  • This study provides evidence of the presence of Getah virus in racehorses in Japan, offering researchers crucial data to understand the prevalence and progression of the disease.
  • The detection of a phylogenetically different strain of Getah virus also provides insights into the evolution of the virus. This information can assist in developing appropriate tools for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of the disease, taking into account the different strains that now exist.

Cite This Article

APA
Nemoto M, Bannai H, Tsujimura K, Kobayashi M, Kikuchi T, Yamanaka T, Kondo T. (2015). Getah Virus Infection among Racehorses, Japan, 2014. Emerg Infect Dis, 21(5), 883-885. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2105.141975

Publication

Emerging infectious diseases
ISSN: 1080-6059
NlmUniqueID: 9508155
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 21
Issue: 5
Pages: 883-885

Researcher Affiliations

Nemoto, Manabu
    Bannai, Hiroshi
      Tsujimura, Koji
        Kobayashi, Minoru
          Kikuchi, Takuya
            Yamanaka, Takashi
              Kondo, Takashi

                MeSH Terms

                • Alphavirus / classification
                • Alphavirus / genetics
                • Alphavirus / isolation & purification
                • Alphavirus Infections / veterinary
                • Animals
                • Disease Outbreaks
                • Genes, Viral
                • History, 21st Century
                • Horse Diseases / epidemiology
                • Horse Diseases / history
                • Horse Diseases / virology
                • Horses
                • Japan / epidemiology
                • Phylogeny

                References

                This article includes 14 references
                1. Griffin DE. Alphaviruses. In: Knipe DM, Howley PM, editors. Fields virology. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2013. p. 651–86.
                2. Fukunaga Y, Kumanomido T, Kamada M. Getah virus as an equine pathogen.. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2000 Dec;16(3):605-17.
                  pubmed: 11219353doi: 10.1016/s0749-0739(17)30099-8google scholar: lookup
                3. Yago K, Hagiwara S, Kawamura H, Narita M. A fatal case in newborn piglets with Getah virus infection: isolation of the virus.. Nihon Juigaku Zasshi 1987 Dec;49(6):989-94.
                  doi: 10.1292/jvms1939.49.989pubmed: 2828741google scholar: lookup
                4. Izumida A, Takuma H, Inagaki S, Kubota M, Hirahara T, Kodama K, Sasaki N. Experimental infection of Getah virus in swine.. Nihon Juigaku Zasshi 1988 Jun;50(3):679-84.
                  doi: 10.1292/jvms1939.50.679pubmed: 3210480google scholar: lookup
                5. Li XD, Qiu FX, Yang H, Rao YN, Calisher CH. Isolation of Getah virus from mosquitos collected on Hainan Island, China, and results of a serosurvey.. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 1992 Dec;23(4):730-4.
                  pubmed: 1338481
                6. Brown CM, Timoney PJ. Getah virus infection of Indian horses.. Trop Anim Health Prod 1998 Aug;30(4):241-52.
                  doi: 10.1023/A:1005079229232pubmed: 9760716google scholar: lookup
                7. Nemoto M, Yamanaka T, Bannai H, Tsujimura K, Kondo T, Matsumura T. Development and evaluation of a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for H3N8 equine influenza virus.. J Virol Methods 2011 Dec;178(1-2):239-42.
                  doi: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2011.07.015pubmed: 21907240google scholar: lookup
                8. Wekesa SN, Inoshima Y, Murakami K, Sentsui H. Genomic analysis of some Japanese isolates of Getah virus.. Vet Microbiol 2001 Nov 8;83(2):137-46.
                  doi: 10.1016/S0378-1135(01)00417-5pubmed: 11557154google scholar: lookup
                9. Lawrence GL, Gilkerson J, Love DN, Sabine M, Whalley JM. Rapid, single-step differentiation of equid herpesviruses 1 and 4 from clinical material using the polymerase chain reaction and virus-specific primers.. J Virol Methods 1994 Apr;47(1-2):59-72.
                  doi: 10.1016/0166-0934(94)90066-3pubmed: 8051234google scholar: lookup
                10. Balasuriya UB, Leutenegger CM, Topol JB, McCollum WH, Timoney PJ, MacLachlan NJ. Detection of equine arteritis virus by real-time TaqMan reverse transcription-PCR assay.. J Virol Methods 2002 Mar;101(1-2):21-8.
                  doi: 10.1016/S0166-0934(01)00416-5pubmed: 11849680google scholar: lookup
                11. Kamada M, Ando Y, Fukunaga Y, Kumanomido T, Imagawa H, Wada R, Akiyama Y. Equine Getah virus infection: isolation of the virus from racehorses during an enzootic in Japan.. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1980 Sep;29(5):984-8.
                  pubmed: 6254385doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.1980.29.984google scholar: lookup
                12. Imagawa H, Ando Y, Kamada M, Sugiura T, Kumanomido T, Fukunaga Y, Wada R, Hirasawa K, Akiyama Y. Sero-epizootiological survey on Getah virus infection in light horses in Japan.. Nihon Juigaku Zasshi 1981 Dec;43(6):797-802.
                  doi: 10.1292/jvms1939.43.797pubmed: 6283217google scholar: lookup
                13. Tamura K, Peterson D, Peterson N, Stecher G, Nei M, Kumar S. MEGA5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods.. Mol Biol Evol 2011 Oct;28(10):2731-9.
                  doi: 10.1093/molbev/msr121pmc: PMC3203626pubmed: 21546353google scholar: lookup
                14. Tajima S, Kotaki A, Yagasaki K, Taniwaki T, Moi ML, Nakayama E, Saijo M, Kurane I, Takasaki T. Identification and amplification of Japanese encephalitis virus and Getah virus propagated from a single porcine serum sample: a case of coinfection.. Arch Virol 2014 Nov;159(11):2969-75.
                  doi: 10.1007/s00705-014-2152-xpubmed: 24986716google scholar: lookup

                Citations

                This article has been cited 47 times.
                1. Kong D, Meng L, Liu D, Wang J, Huang X, Zhai T, Deng Y, Xue Q, Wu H, Mao Y, Wang H, Wu H. Generation of an infectious cDNA clone of BJ-Swzp-2022, a Group III Isolate of Getah Virus. Virus Genes 2026 Feb 7;.
                  doi: 10.1007/s11262-026-02219-wpubmed: 41653382google scholar: lookup
                2. Zhang Y, Zheng J, Zhang H, Lin Y, Wang Y, Ma Z, Wei J, Zhou B, Zhong D. Molecular and Serological Surveillance of Mosquito-Borne Viruses in Racehorses or Mosquitoes From Horse Farms in Shanghai, China, 2022. Transbound Emerg Dis 2025;2025:6131435.
                  doi: 10.1155/tbed/6131435pubmed: 41185879google scholar: lookup
                3. Xia B, Wang Z, Fei T, Ma Y, Guo Y, Fei D, Shu X, Zhao G, Ma M, Yuan H. Development and application of a CRISPR/Cas12a-based reverse transcription-recombinase polymerase amplification assay with lateral flow dipstick and fluorescence detection for Getah virus. PeerJ 2025;13:e20119.
                  doi: 10.7717/peerj.20119pubmed: 41054568google scholar: lookup
                4. Wei B, Xing L, Sun S, Zhang P, Dong Y, Yang H. Establishment of reverse transcription recombinase-aided amplification with lateral flow dipstick for the rapid visual detection of Getah virus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2025;15:1631048.
                  doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2025.1631048pubmed: 40880631google scholar: lookup
                5. Xiao P, Hao Y, Zheng M, Zhang D, Li N. The first discovery of the group IV GETV from Pangolin, China. Virulence 2025 Dec;16(1):2548930.
                  doi: 10.1080/21505594.2025.2548930pubmed: 40857058google scholar: lookup
                6. Sun Y, Yang H, Zhang Y, Liu R, Li L, Shi M, Liu T, Du J, Guo Z, Zhao L, Li Y, Yu L, Chen L. Outbreak and epidemic of Getah virus infection in swine by virulence-enhanced GIII variant in Henan, central China in 2024. Virulence 2025 Dec;16(1):2530661.
                  doi: 10.1080/21505594.2025.2530661pubmed: 40653751google scholar: lookup
                7. Yuan Y, Hao Y, Peng C, Zhang D, Ma W, Xiao P, Li N. From transmission to adaptive evolution: genomic surveillance of Getah virus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2025;15:1513392.
                  doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2025.1513392pubmed: 40535537google scholar: lookup
                8. Shao L, Nie M, Liu B, Li F, Xu T, Xu L, Deng L, Li H, Zhao L, Li Y, Zhang L, Yan Y, Xu Z, Zhu L. Isolation and Characterization of a Porcine Getah Virus Strain from Sichuan Province. Vet Sci 2025 Mar 15;12(3).
                  doi: 10.3390/vetsci12030276pubmed: 40267012google scholar: lookup
                9. Shen J, Liu S, Liu S, Shen S, Lei M, Xu Q, Li W, He Q, Xu X, Cai X. Genomic surveillance and evolution of Getah virus. Virus Evol 2025;11(1):veaf007.
                  doi: 10.1093/ve/veaf007pubmed: 39989716google scholar: lookup
                10. Guo Z, Jiang Y, Li P, Zhang G. Genomic characterization and evolutionary analysis of a Getah virus variant from piglets in central China. Front Microbiol 2025;16:1515632.
                  doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1515632pubmed: 39973930google scholar: lookup
                11. Jiang Z, Merits A, Qin Y, Xing G, Zhang L, Chen J, Wang N, Varjak M, Zhai X, Li D, Song W, Su S. Attenuated Getah virus confers protection against multiple arthritogenic alphaviruses. PLoS Pathog 2024 Nov;20(11):e1012700.
                  doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012700pubmed: 39556619google scholar: lookup
                12. Lan J, Fang M, Duan L, Liu Z, Wang G, Wu Q, Fan K, Huang D, Ye Y, Wan G, Tang Y, Song D. Novel Porcine Getah Virus from Diarrheal Piglets in Jiangxi Province, China: Prevalence, Genome Sequence, and Pathogenicity. Animals (Basel) 2024 Oct 16;14(20).
                  doi: 10.3390/ani14202980pubmed: 39457910google scholar: lookup
                13. Takeishi M, Morikawa S, Kuwata R, Kawaminami M, Shimoda H, Isawa H, Maeda K, Yoshikawa Y. Characterization and arbovirus susceptibility of cultured CERNI cells derived from sika deer (Cervus nippon). In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2024 Sep;60(8):935-948.
                  doi: 10.1007/s11626-024-00933-zpubmed: 38961045google scholar: lookup
                14. Liu H, Hu J, Li LX, Lu ZS, Sun XT, Lu HJ, Jin NY, Zhang L, Zhang LN. Seroepidemiological investigation of Getah virus in the China-Myanmar border area from 2022-2023. Front Microbiol 2023;14:1309650.
                  doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1309650pubmed: 38163077google scholar: lookup
                15. Mou C, Meng H, Shi K, Huang Y, Liu M, Chen Z. GETV nsP2 plays a critical role in the interferon antagonism and viral pathogenesis. Cell Commun Signal 2023 Dec 18;21(1):361.
                  doi: 10.1186/s12964-023-01392-xpubmed: 38110975google scholar: lookup
                16. Gao X, Li J, Wu T, Dou J, Zhang W, Jia H, Zhang Z, Liu X, Li Y. The Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Group III-Classified Getah Virus from a Commercial Modified Live Vaccine against PRRSV. Viruses 2023 Oct 14;15(10).
                  doi: 10.3390/v15102090pubmed: 37896867google scholar: lookup
                17. Pan J, Zhang H, Chen X, Zeng M, Han H, Guo Y, Li J, Luo S, Yan G, Chen S, Mo M, Liu M, Huang L. Evolutionary characterization and pathogenicity of Getah virus from pigs in Guangdong Province of China. Arch Virol 2023 Sep 28;168(10):258.
                  doi: 10.1007/s00705-023-05886-4pubmed: 37770803google scholar: lookup
                18. Li J, Gao X, Liu X, Wu T, Song H, Gao W, Jia H, Li Y, Zhang Z. The host transcriptome change involved in the inhibitory effect of exogenous interferon-γ on Getah virus replication. Front Microbiol 2023;14:1214281.
                  doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1214281pubmed: 37448574google scholar: lookup
                19. Azerigyik FA, Faizah AN, Kobayashi D, Amoa-Bosompem M, Matsumura R, Kai I, Sasaki T, Higa Y, Isawa H, Iwanaga S, Ishino T. Evaluating the mosquito host range of Getah virus and the vector competence of selected medically important mosquitoes in Getah virus transmission. Parasit Vectors 2023 Mar 15;16(1):99.
                  doi: 10.1186/s13071-023-05713-4pubmed: 36922882google scholar: lookup
                20. Ochi A, Bannai H, Aonuma H, Kanuka H, Uchida-Fujii E, Kinoshita Y, Ohta M, Kambayashi Y, Tsujimura K, Ueno T, Nemoto M. Surveillance of Getah virus in mosquitoes and racehorses from 2016 to 2019 at a training center in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan, a site of several previous Getah virus outbreaks. Arch Virol 2023 Jan 7;168(2):35.
                  doi: 10.1007/s00705-022-05631-3pubmed: 36609628google scholar: lookup
                21. Takeishi M, Kuwata R, Ono T, Sasaki A, Ogata M, Iwata E, Taji S, Koike M, Nemoto M, Bannai H, Isawa H, Maeda K, Morikawa S, Kitagawa H, Yoshikawa Y. Seroconversion of anti-Getah virus antibody among Japanese native Noma horses around 2012. J Vet Med Sci 2022 Nov 18;84(12):1605-1609.
                  doi: 10.1292/jvms.22-0306pubmed: 36310045google scholar: lookup
                22. Sun Q, Xie Y, Guan Z, Zhang Y, Li Y, Yang Y, Zhang J, Li Z, Qiu Y, Li B, Liu K, Shao D, Wang J, Ma Z, Wei J, Li P. Seroprevalence of Getah virus in Pigs in Eastern China Determined with a Recombinant E2 Protein-Based Indirect ELISA. Viruses 2022 Sep 30;14(10).
                  doi: 10.3390/v14102173pubmed: 36298726google scholar: lookup
                23. Cao X, Qiu X, Shi N, Ha Z, Zhang H, Xie Y, Wang P, Zhu X, Zhao W, Zhao G, Jin N, Lu H. Establishment of a reverse transcription real-time quantitative PCR method for Getah virus detection and its application for epidemiological investigation in Shandong, China. Front Microbiol 2022;13:1009610.
                  doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1009610pubmed: 36212868google scholar: lookup
                24. Yuen KY, Henning J, Eng MD, Wang ASW, Lenz MF, Caldwell KM, Coyle MP, Bielefeldt-Ohmann H. Epidemiological Study of Multiple Zoonotic Mosquito-Borne Alphaviruses in Horses in Queensland, Australia (2018-2020). Viruses 2022 Aug 23;14(9).
                  doi: 10.3390/v14091846pubmed: 36146651google scholar: lookup
                25. Li B, Wang H, Liang G. Getah Virus (Alphavirus): An Emerging, Spreading Zoonotic Virus. Pathogens 2022 Aug 20;11(8).
                  doi: 10.3390/pathogens11080945pubmed: 36015065google scholar: lookup
                26. Mohamed-Romai-Noor NA, Sam SS, Teoh BT, Hamim ZR, AbuBakar S. Genomic and In Vitro Phenotypic Comparisons of Epidemic and Non-Epidemic Getah Virus Strains. Viruses 2022 Apr 30;14(5).
                  doi: 10.3390/v14050942pubmed: 35632684google scholar: lookup
                27. Shi N, Qiu X, Cao X, Mai Z, Zhu X, Li N, Zhang H, Zhang J, Li Z, Shaya N, Lu H, Jin N. Molecular and serological surveillance of Getah virus in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, 2017-2020. Virol Sin 2022 Apr;37(2):229-237.
                  doi: 10.1016/j.virs.2022.02.004pubmed: 35527224google scholar: lookup
                28. Zhang Y, Li Y, Guan Z, Yang Y, Zhang J, Sun Q, Li B, Qiu Y, Liu K, Shao D, Ma Z, Wei J, Li P. Rapid Differential Detection of Japanese Encephalitis Virus and Getah Virus in Pigs or Mosquitos by a Duplex TaqMan Real-Time RT-PCR Assay. Front Vet Sci 2022;9:839443.
                  doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.839443pubmed: 35464361google scholar: lookup
                29. Ren T, Min X, Mo Q, Wang Y, Wang H, Chen Y, Ouyang K, Huang W, Wei Z. Construction and characterization of a full-length infectious clone of Getah virus in vivo. Virol Sin 2022 Jun;37(3):348-357.
                  doi: 10.1016/j.virs.2022.03.007pubmed: 35288349google scholar: lookup
                30. Wang M, Sun Z, Cui C, Wang S, Yang D, Shi Z, Wei X, Wang P, Sun W, Zhu J, Li J, Du B, Liu Z, Wei L, Liu C, He X, Wang X, Zhang X, Wang J. Structural Insights into Alphavirus Assembly Revealed by the Cryo-EM Structure of Getah Virus. Viruses 2022 Feb 5;14(2).
                  doi: 10.3390/v14020327pubmed: 35215918google scholar: lookup
                31. Sam SS, Mohamed-Romai-Noor NA, Teoh BT, Hamim ZR, Ng HY, Abd-Jamil J, Khor CS, Hassan SS, Ahmad H, AbuBakar S. Group IV Getah Virus in Culex Mosquitoes, Malaysia. Emerg Infect Dis 2022 Feb;28(2):475-477.
                  doi: 10.3201/eid2802.204887pubmed: 35076371google scholar: lookup
                32. Nie M, Deng H, Zhou Y, Sun X, Huang Y, Zhu L, Xu Z. Development of a reverse transcription recombinase-aided amplification assay for detection of Getah virus. Sci Rep 2021 Oct 8;11(1):20060.
                  doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-99734-7pubmed: 34625631google scholar: lookup
                33. Björnström A, Blomström AL, Singh MC, Hesson JC. Sindbis virus neutralising antibodies detected in Swedish horses. One Health 2021 Jun;12:100242.
                  doi: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2021.100242pubmed: 33851003google scholar: lookup
                34. Yuen KY, Bielefeldt-Ohmann H. Ross River Virus Infection: A Cross-Disciplinary Review with a Veterinary Perspective. Pathogens 2021 Mar 17;10(3).
                  doi: 10.3390/pathogens10030357pubmed: 33802851google scholar: lookup
                35. Fang Y, Zhang W, Xue JB, Zhang Y. Monitoring Mosquito-Borne Arbovirus in Various Insect Regions in China in 2018. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021;11:640993.
                  doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.640993pubmed: 33791242google scholar: lookup
                36. Ren T, Mo Q, Wang Y, Wang H, Nong Z, Wang J, Niu C, Liu C, Chen Y, Ouyang K, Huang W, Wei Z. Emergence and Phylogenetic Analysis of a Getah Virus Isolated in Southern China. Front Vet Sci 2020;7:552517.
                  doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.552517pubmed: 33344520google scholar: lookup
                37. Rawle DJ, Nguyen W, Dumenil T, Parry R, Warrilow D, Tang B, Le TT, Slonchak A, Khromykh AA, Lutzky VP, Yan K, Suhrbier A. Sequencing of Historical Isolates, K-mer Mining and High Serological Cross-Reactivity with Ross River Virus Argue against the Presence of Getah Virus in Australia. Pathogens 2020 Oct 16;9(10).
                  doi: 10.3390/pathogens9100848pubmed: 33081269google scholar: lookup
                38. Nguyen W, Nakayama E, Yan K, Tang B, Le TT, Liu L, Cooper TH, Hayball JD, Faddy HM, Warrilow D, Allcock RJN, Hobson-Peters J, Hall RA, Rawle DJ, Lutzky VP, Young P, Oliveira NM, Hartel G, Howley PM, Prow NA, Suhrbier A. Arthritogenic Alphavirus Vaccines: Serogrouping Versus Cross-Protection in Mouse Models. Vaccines (Basel) 2020 May 5;8(2).
                  doi: 10.3390/vaccines8020209pubmed: 32380760google scholar: lookup
                39. Yanase T, Murota K, Hayama Y. Endemic and Emerging Arboviruses in Domestic Ruminants in East Asia. Front Vet Sci 2020;7:168.
                  doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00168pubmed: 32318588google scholar: lookup
                40. Liu H, Zhang X, Li LX, Shi N, Sun XT, Liu Q, Jin NY, Si XK. First isolation and characterization of Getah virus from cattle in northeastern China. BMC Vet Res 2019 Sep 5;15(1):320.
                  doi: 10.1186/s12917-019-2061-zpubmed: 31488162google scholar: lookup
                41. Lu G, Ou J, Ji J, Ren Z, Hu X, Wang C, Li S. Emergence of Getah Virus Infection in Horse With Fever in China, 2018. Front Microbiol 2019;10:1416.
                  doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01416pubmed: 31281304google scholar: lookup
                42. Shi N, Li LX, Lu RG, Yan XJ, Liu H. Highly Pathogenic Swine Getah Virus in Blue Foxes, Eastern China, 2017. Emerg Infect Dis 2019 Jun;25(6):1252-1254.
                  doi: 10.3201/eid2506.181983pubmed: 31107236google scholar: lookup
                43. Sam SS, Teoh BT, Chee CM, Mohamed-Romai-Noor NA, Abd-Jamil J, Loong SK, Khor CS, Tan KK, AbuBakar S. A quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for detection of Getah virus. Sci Rep 2018 Dec 5;8(1):17632.
                  doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-36043-6pubmed: 30518924google scholar: lookup
                44. Nemoto M, Bannai H, Ochi A, Niwa H, Murakami S, Tsujimura K, Yamanaka T, Kokado H, Kondo T. Complete Genome Sequences of Getah Virus Strains Isolated from Horses in 2016 in Japan. Genome Announc 2017 Aug 3;5(31).
                  doi: 10.1128/genomeA.00750-17pubmed: 28774985google scholar: lookup
                45. Bannai H, Nemoto M, Niwa H, Murakami S, Tsujimura K, Yamanaka T, Kondo T. Geospatial and temporal associations of Getah virus circulation among pigs and horses around the perimeter of outbreaks in Japanese racehorses in 2014 and 2015. BMC Vet Res 2017 Jun 19;13(1):187.
                  doi: 10.1186/s12917-017-1112-6pubmed: 28629406google scholar: lookup
                46. Bannai H, Ochi A, Nemoto M, Tsujimura K, Yamanaka T, Kondo T. A 2015 outbreak of Getah virus infection occurring among Japanese racehorses sequentially to an outbreak in 2014 at the same site. BMC Vet Res 2016 Jun 10;12:98.
                  doi: 10.1186/s12917-016-0741-5pubmed: 27286658google scholar: lookup
                47. Bannai H, Nemoto M, Ochi A, Kikuchi T, Kobayashi M, Tsujimura K, Yamanaka T, Kondo T. Epizootiological Investigation of Getah Virus Infection among Racehorses in Japan in 2014. J Clin Microbiol 2015 Jul;53(7):2286-91.
                  doi: 10.1128/JCM.00550-15pubmed: 25972425google scholar: lookup
                Subscribe to our newsletter
                Join 99,357 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.