Giant and binucleate trophoblast cells of mammals.
Abstract: The cellular origin, structure, and function of trophoblastic giant cells (GC) and binucleate cells (BNC) are reviewed. Mammals in which these cells have received the greatest attention include rodents, rabbits, and humans (GCs), and ruminants and equids (BNCs). In almost all cases these cells arise from the cytotrophoblast. All are large cells and contain either two diploid nuclei (BNCs), multiple nuclei (human placental bed GCs), or single nuclei with amplified DNA content (rodent and rabbit GCs). Giant and binucleate cells typically exhibit the capacity for migration or invasion, although the degree of migratory activity varies between species. While most end up within, or at the interface with, endometrial tissue, in some instances the GCs or BNCs contribute directly to the interhemal membrane of the placenta. Hormone production is a property which most GC-BNC populations have in common. Lactogen or gonadotropin has been documented in almost all cells of this type examined to date, and in some animals they are also steroidogenic (e.g., rats and sheep). In spite of some common features, both structural and functional differences remain and it is suggested that use of terms such as mononuclear giant cells, multinucleate giant cells, and binucleate cells be continued rather than assuming that these cells are all members of a single trophoblastic subtype.
Publication Date: 1993-09-01 PubMed ID: 8371098DOI: 10.1002/jez.1402660607Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- U.S. Gov't
- P.H.S.
- Review
Summary
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The study delves into the cellular origin, structure, and functions of trophoblastic giant cells and binucleate cells in mammals, including their propensity towards migration or invasion, and hormone production. In spite of commonalities, the study suggests that these cells, due to their unique structural and functional differences, should be recognized as distinct subtypes rather than under the trophoblastic umbrella.
Cellular Origin, Structure, and Function
- The research focuses on the characteristics and roles of trophoblastic giant cells (GC) and binucleate cells (BNC). The species of mammals that have been extensively studied regarding these cells include rodents, rabbits, ruminants, equids, and humans.
- The study found that in most cases, these cells originate from the cytotrophoblast. They are large in size and contain either two diploid nuclei (BNCs), multiple nuclei (human placental bed GCs), or single nuclei with enhanced DNA content (rodent and rabbit GCs).
Migration or Invasion Capacity
- These giant and binucleate cells usually have the ability to migrate or invade, with the degree of such actions varying between species.
- Finally, these cells usually end up within, or at the interface with, endometrial tissue. In some cases, the GCs or BNCs directly contribute to the interhemal membrane of the placenta.
Hormone Production
- Another common characteristic amongst GC-BNC populations is their ability to produce hormones. Lactogen or gonadotropin has been found in almost all cells of this type that have been examined so far.
- In some animals, such as rats and sheep, they also have a steroidogenic function aside from producing hormones.
Need for Distinctive Classification
- Despite sharing some characteristics, these cells possess distinct structural and functional differences. Therefore, the research suggests continuing the use of terms like mononuclear giant cells, multinucleate giant cells, and binucleate cells.
- The paper emphasizes that these cells should not be assumed to be members of a single trophoblastic subtype due to their inherent differences.
Cite This Article
APA
Hoffman LH, Wooding FB.
(1993).
Giant and binucleate trophoblast cells of mammals.
J Exp Zool, 266(6), 559-577.
https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.1402660607 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Cell Nucleus
- Female
- Horses / embryology
- Humans
- Mammals / embryology
- Pregnancy
- Rabbits / embryology
- Rodentia / embryology
- Ruminants / embryology
- Trophoblasts / cytology
Grant Funding
- HD 05797 / NICHD NIH HHS
- HD 18123 / NICHD NIH HHS
Citations
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