Gigantic Ocular Squamous Cell Carcinoma Mixed With Fibrosarcoma in a Mare: Clinical, Laboratory, Ultrasonography and Histopathology Findings.

The research describes a case of a large mixed ocular tumor found in a 10-year-old mare, focusing on the clinical presentation, tools used for diagnosis, and the results postmortem. It highlights the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of such conditions to prevent extreme complications and high mortality rates.

Study Design and Methodology

• In this clinical case report, the researchers presented the examination of a 10-year-old draft mare with a one-year history of a left ocular mass.
• Various tools and techniques, including laboratory work, ultrasonography, postmortem examination, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry were utilized for diagnosis and investigation.

Clinical Findings and Observation

• The mare’s left eye was completely destroyed, replaced by a large ulcerated mass that bled. There was also swelling in the left parotid lymph node and a discharge of pus.
• Ultrasonography indicated absence of all intraocular structures and presence of echogenic tissues and hyperechoic areas of ossification, as well as strong neovascularization across the tumor.
• Doppler scanning showed mainly arterial blood flow signals, with a few mixed signals, and a significant increase in systolic and diastolic blood flow.

Postmortem Examination and Analysis

• Following the mare’s death immediately after examination, the ocular mass was extracted and weighed 390 grams.>
• No distance metastasis was found in the internal organs postmortem.

Diagnostic Outcomes

• Histopathological examination confirmed ocular squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) intermixed with fibrosarcoma, with cartilaginous and osseous metaplasia.
• Immunohistochemistry indicated positive nuclear p53 in the cancerous cells, which shows the presence of genetic alterations or damage.
• Metastasis was found in the left parotid lymph node.

Conclusion and Recommendations

• The study underscores the significance of early diagnosis and surgical intervention to improve outcomes and lower deadly complications.
• Regardless of the unsuccessful case, the research provides valuable information about mixed eye neoplasm, detailing ultrasonography and histopathology features of OSCC.