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Home / Equine Research Bank / Front Microbiol / Gut microbial signatures and cardiac-microbiota axis in Yili...
Frontiers in microbiology2025; 16; 1689293; doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1689293

Gut microbial signatures and cardiac-microbiota axis in Yili horses with divergent exercise-induced cardiac remodeling.

Abstract: This study aimed to investigate how different training outcomes affect the gut microbiota composition in racehorses. Twenty-six Yili horses underwent a 9-month conditioning training regimen under uniform husbandry and management conditions. Post-training, the horses were divided into an excellence group (D. Y group) and a general group (D. P group) based on their athletic performance, with the top 10 performers constituting the D. Y group and the bottom 10 the D. P group. Cardiac morphology and function were quantitatively assessed via echocardiography, and metagenomic sequencing was performed on fresh fecal samples. Results indicated that there were no significant differences in gut microbiota and echocardiographic parameters between the two groups prior to training. However, significant differences were observed post-training ( < 0.05). At the genus level, , , and exhibited significantly greater abundance n the D. Y group. LEfSe analysis showed that Prevotella was markedly enriched in the D. Y group (LDA > 4). Functional profiling indicated that multiple metabolic pathways were significantly enriched in global and overview maps, with map00534 and map00190 being particularly enriched in the D. Y group (LDA > 2). Within CAZymes genes, eight were significantly enriched in the D. Y group, including four glycoside hydrolase genes, two carbohydrate esterase genes, and two carbohydrate-binding module genes. Echocardiography revealed significant differences in seven parameters between the groups, with the D. Y group exhibiting notably higher LV_MASS_I and LVM values ( < 0.01). dbRDA analysis demonstrated a significant association between LV_MASS_I and LVM and the gut microbiota profile ( < 0.01). These findings suggest that training-induced cardiac remodeling, particularly the increase in LV_MASS_I and LVM, is closely related to alterations in gut microbiota, with enrichment potentially serving as a marker of favorable adaptation to the training regimen. The study provides robust evidence for understanding the interaction between aerobic training, gut microbiota, and cardiac characteristics in racehorses, and highlights potential directions for optimizing athletic performance and probiotic strategies in equine athletes.
Copyright © 2025 Bao, Wang, Adina, Yao, Chu, Yao, Meng, Wang, Ren and Zeng.
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Publication Date: 2025-12-03 PubMed ID: 41415820PubMed Central: PMC12711142DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1689293Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

Overview

  • This research investigated how different levels of exercise-induced cardiac remodeling in Yili horses relate to changes in their gut microbiota after a 9-month training program.
  • The study found that horses with superior athletic performance showed distinct gut microbial profiles and cardiac features compared to horses with general performance, suggesting a link between gut microbes and heart adaptations to training.

Background and Objective

  • The study focused on Yili horses, a breed used for racing, examining how long-term exercise affects their heart structure and function, known as cardiac remodeling.
  • Since gut microbiota can influence various physiological functions, researchers aimed to explore if changes in the gut microbial community correlate with cardiac changes following consistent training.
  • The main goal was to identify gut microbial signatures associated with different degrees of exercise-induced cardiac remodeling and athletic performance.

Experimental Design and Methods

  • Twenty-six Yili horses underwent a controlled 9-month conditioning training program, ensuring uniform husbandry and management.
  • Post-training, the 20 horses with clear performance differentiation (top 10 and bottom 10) were split into two groups: the excellence group (D. Y) and the general group (D. P).
  • Cardiac morphology and function were measured using echocardiography, focusing on parameters including left ventricular mass index (LV_MASS_I) and left ventricular mass (LVM).
  • Fresh fecal samples were collected post-training for metagenomic sequencing to analyze microbial composition at the genus level, functional pathways, and carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) genes.
  • Statistical analyses, including LEfSe (Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size) and distance-based redundancy analysis (dbRDA), were used to link microbiota variations with cardiac parameters.

Key Findings in Gut Microbiota

  • Before training, no significant differences existed between groups in gut microbiota or cardiac parameters, establishing a baseline.
  • Post-training, certain microbial genera, prominently Prevotella, were significantly more abundant in the high-performing (D. Y) horses (LDA > 4), suggesting enrichment linked to better adaptation.
  • Functional profiling revealed enrichment in metabolic pathways in the D. Y group, including map00534 (the fatty acid metabolism pathway) and map00190 (oxidative phosphorylation), indicating enhanced energy metabolism.
  • Eight CAZyme genes were enriched in the D. Y group, featuring glycoside hydrolases, carbohydrate esterases, and carbohydrate-binding modules, which may enhance carbohydrate breakdown and energy utilization.

Cardiac Remodeling and Echocardiographic Results

  • Seven echocardiographic parameters differed significantly between groups after training, with D. Y horses showing greater LV_MASS_I and LVM (P < 0.01), indicating more pronounced cardiac remodeling.
  • These measures reflect adaptive enlargement of the heart’s left ventricle, a common response to aerobic training that enhances cardiac output and athletic performance.

Linking Gut Microbiota to Cardiac Features

  • dbRDA analysis demonstrated a statistically significant association between the cardiac remodeling indicators (LV_MASS_I and LVM) and the gut microbial composition, suggesting interplay between the heart and microbiome.
  • The enrichment of specific microbes like Prevotella may influence or reflect metabolic and physiological adaptations that contribute to improved cardiac function.

Implications and Conclusions

  • The study provides evidence that exercise-induced cardiac remodeling in horses is closely linked with shifts in gut microbiota composition and function.
  • Prevotella enrichment and enhanced metabolic pathways could serve as biomarkers or targets to optimize training outcomes and cardiac adaptations in equine athletes.
  • This work opens potential avenues for developing probiotic or dietary interventions aimed at improving athletic performance via modulation of the gut-heart axis.
  • Overall, the research highlights the importance of the cardiac-microbiota axis in understanding physiological responses to aerobic conditioning in racehorses.

Cite This Article

APA
Bao Y, Wang T, Adina W, Yao R, Chu H, Yao X, Meng J, Wang J, Ren W, Zeng Y. (2025). Gut microbial signatures and cardiac-microbiota axis in Yili horses with divergent exercise-induced cardiac remodeling. Front Microbiol, 16, 1689293. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1689293

Publication

Frontiers in microbiology
ISSN: 1664-302X
NlmUniqueID: 101548977
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 16
Pages: 1689293
PII: 1689293

Researcher Affiliations

Bao, Yike
  • College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi, China.
Wang, Tongliang
  • College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi, China.
  • Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Equine Breeding and Exercise Physiology, Ürümqi, China.
Adina, Wusiman
  • College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi, China.
Yao, Runchen
  • Xinjiang Yili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture Animal Husbandry Station, Ürümqi, China.
Chu, Hongzhong
  • Xinjiang Yili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture Animal Husbandry Station, Ürümqi, China.
Yao, Xinkui
  • College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi, China.
  • Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Equine Breeding and Exercise Physiology, Ürümqi, China.
Meng, Jun
  • College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi, China.
  • Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Equine Breeding and Exercise Physiology, Ürümqi, China.
Wang, Jianwen
  • College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi, China.
  • Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Equine Breeding and Exercise Physiology, Ürümqi, China.
Ren, Wanlu
  • College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi, China.
  • Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Equine Breeding and Exercise Physiology, Ürümqi, China.
Zeng, Yaqi
  • College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi, China.
  • Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Equine Breeding and Exercise Physiology, Ürümqi, China.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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