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Home / Equine Research Bank / Vet Res Commun / Haemodynamic changes during sedation in ponies.
Veterinary research communications1990; 14(4); 309-327; doi: 10.1007/BF00350713

Haemodynamic changes during sedation in ponies.

Abstract: The cardiovascular changes induced by several sedatives were investigated in five ponies with a subcutaneously transposed carotid artery by means of cardiac output determinations (thermodilution technique), systemic and pulmonary artery pressure measurements (direct intravascular method) and arterial blood analysis (blood gases and packed cell volume). The cardiovascular depression (decrease in systemic blood pressure and cardiac output) was long lasting (greater than 90 min) after administration of propionylpromazine (0.08 mg/kg intravenous (i.v.)) together with promethazine (0.08 mg/kg i.v.). The phenothiazine-induced sedation was not optimal. alpha 2-Agonists (xylazine (0.60 mg/kg i.v.) and detomidine (20 micrograms/kg i.v.)) induced initial but transient cardiovascular effects with an increase in systemic blood pressure and a decrease in cardiac output for about 15 min. Second degree atrioventricular blocks and bradycardia were seen during this period. The cardiovascular depression was more pronounced during detomidine sedation. Atropine (0.01 mg/kg i.v.) induced a tachycardia with a decrease in stroke volume but did not alter the cardiac output or other cardiovascular parameters. It prevented the occurrence of the bradycardia and heart blocks normally induced by xylazine or detomidine. Atropine potentiated the initial hypertension induced by the alpha 2-agonistic sedatives (especially detomidine). The decrease in cardiac output induced by xylazine, and to a lesser extent by detomidine, was partially counteracted when atropine was given in advance. The atropine-xylazine combination seemed the best premedication protocol before general anaesthesia as it only resulted in minor and transient cardiovascular changes.
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Publication Date: 1990-01-01 PubMed ID: 2392824DOI: 10.1007/BF00350713Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article explores how different sedatives impact the cardiovascular system of ponies. The study finds that certain sedatives, such as the combination of atropine and xylazine, result in only minimal and temporary cardiovascular changes, making them a good choice as a premedication before general anesthesia.

About the Study

  • The research involved five ponies, each with a subcutaneously transposed carotid artery.
  • They investigated the cardiovascular changes caused by several drugs, using techniques like thermodilution for cardiac output determinations, direct intravascular method for pressure measurements in the systemic and pulmonary artery, and arterial blood analysis for blood gases and packed cell volume.

Observations and Findings

  • The sedatives propionylpromazine and promethazine, when administered together in specific dosages, led to long-lasting cardiovascular depression, characterized by a decrease in systemic blood pressure and cardiac output for more than 90 minutes.
  • However, the sedation caused by this phenothiazine combination was not optimal.
  • Alpha 2-agonists, namely xylazine and detomidine, in particular dosages, caused initial transient effects on the cardiovascular system. These effects included an increase in systemic blood pressure, a decrease in cardiac output for approximately 15 minutes, and occurrences of second-degree atrioventricular blocks and bradycardia. Detomidine notably induced a more pronounced cardiovascular depression.
  • Administering atropine led to accelerated heart rate (tachycardia) with reduced stroke volume; however, it didn’t modify cardiac output or other cardiovascular parameters. It also stopped the onset of bradycardia and heart blocks commonly caused by xylazine or detomidine. Furthermore, atropine intensified the initial hypertension caused by alpha 2-agonistic sedatives (especially detomidine).
  • The use of atropine in advance partially counteracted the decrease in cardiac output typically caused by xylazine and, to a lesser extent, detomidine.

Conclusions and Recommendations

  • A combination of atropine and xylazine appears to be the preferable premedication protocol before performing general anesthesia, as it only caused minor and temporary cardiovascular alterations.

Cite This Article

APA
Gasthuys F, De Moor A, Parmentier D. (1990). Haemodynamic changes during sedation in ponies. Vet Res Commun, 14(4), 309-327. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00350713

Publication

Veterinary research communications
ISSN: 0165-7380
NlmUniqueID: 8100520
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 14
Issue: 4
Pages: 309-327

Researcher Affiliations

Gasthuys, F
  • Large Animal Surgical Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Gent, Belgium.
De Moor, A
    Parmentier, D

      MeSH Terms

      • Animals
      • Atropine / pharmacology
      • Blood Gas Analysis / veterinary
      • Blood Pressure / drug effects
      • Cardiac Output / drug effects
      • Female
      • Heart Rate / drug effects
      • Hematocrit / veterinary
      • Hemodynamics / drug effects
      • Horses / physiology
      • Hypnotics and Sedatives / pharmacology
      • Imidazoles / pharmacology
      • Male
      • Promazine / analogs & derivatives
      • Promazine / pharmacology
      • Promethazine / pharmacology
      • Xylazine / pharmacology

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