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Home / Equine Research Bank / Vet Surg / Effects of acellular equine amniotic allografts on the heali...
Veterinary surgery : VS2019; 48(8); 1416-1428; doi: 10.1111/vsu.13304

Effects of acellular equine amniotic allografts on the healing of experimentally induced full-thickness distal limb wounds in horses.

Abstract: To characterize the growth factors contained in equine amniotic membrane allograft (eAM; StemWrap scaffold and StemWrap+ injection) and to evaluate the effect of eAM on equine distal limb wound healing. Methods: Prospective experimental controlled study. Methods: Eight adult horses. Methods: Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), epidermal growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor-BB, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ) concentrations in StemWrap+ were assessed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Two full-thickness 6.25-cm2 skin wounds were created on each metacarpus. On one forelimb, one wound was treated with eAM, and the other was left untreated (eAM control). On the contralateral limb, one wound was treated with a silicone dressing, and the other served as negative control. Three-dimensional images were obtained to determine wound circumference and surface area analyses at each bandage change until healed. Excessive granulation tissue was debrided once weekly for 4 weeks. Biopsy samples were taken to evaluate quality of wound healing via histologic and immunohistochemistry assays. Results: StemWrap+ contained moderate concentrations of TGF-β1 (494.10 pg/mL), VEGF (212.52 pg/mL), and PGE2 (1811.61 pg/mL). Treatment of wounds with eAM did not affect time to healing or histologic quality of the healing compared with other groups but was associated with increased granulation tissue production early in the study, particularly on day 7. Conclusions: Application of eAM resulted in increased granulation tissue production while maintaining appropriate healing of experimental wounds. Conclusions: Use of eAM is likely most beneficial for substantial wounds in which expedient production of large amounts of granulation tissue is desirable.
© 2019 The American College of Veterinary Surgeons.
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Publication Date: 2019-08-06 PubMed ID: 31385329DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13304Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study evaluated the effectiveness of locally injecting a liquid amnion allograft from horses (ELAA) into wounds on the lower limbs of horses and found that it didn’t speed up healing.

Study’s Methodology

  • The study involved 8 adult horses. On each horse, a full-thickness skin wound measuring 2.5 x 2.5 cm was created on the dorsal aspect of the metacarpus – the area between the horse’s carpus (knee) and hoof.
  • The wounds were initially bandaged. On the ninth day, the wound margins were either injected with the equine liquid amnion allograft (treatment) or with a saline solution, which functioned as a control.
  • The bandages were changed at specified intervals up until Day 91. During each changing, the wounds were photographed with the goal of calculating the wound area to assess healing progress.
  • Any excessive granulation tissue, i.e., newly-formed tissue that often occurs in response to injury or inflammation, was removed.
  • The wounds were considered healed once they were completely covered with new epithelial tissue, which is the body’s surface tissue.
  • Difference in the mean wound area was compared between the two groups throughout the study period.

Results

  • The findings demonstrated that all but one wound (from the control group) was healed by the 91st day.
  • No significant difference was found in terms of wound area over time or in the time it took for wounds to reduce in size by 95% between the treatment group (those that received the liquid amnion allograft) and the control group (those that received a saline solution).
  • Exuberant granulation tissue had to be removed twice – once in a wound from the control group and once from the treatment group.

Conclusion

  • The results suggested that in this specific model used, a single treatment with the equine liquid amnion allograft administered locally into the wound didn’t speed up the healing process of wounds on the lower limbs of horses.
  • However, the researchers noted that this may not indicate inefficacy of ELAA in all situations. It’s possible that wounds which naturally occur or are chronic or non-healing may respond differently to the injection of ELAA.

Cite This Article

APA
Fowler AW, Gilbertie JM, Watson VE, Prange T, Osborne JA, Schnabel LV. (2019). Effects of acellular equine amniotic allografts on the healing of experimentally induced full-thickness distal limb wounds in horses. Vet Surg, 48(8), 1416-1428. https://doi.org/10.1111/vsu.13304

Publication

Veterinary surgery : VS
ISSN: 1532-950X
NlmUniqueID: 8113214
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 48
Issue: 8
Pages: 1416-1428

Researcher Affiliations

Fowler, Alexander W
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina.
Gilbertie, Jessica M
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina.
  • Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina.
Watson, Victoria E
  • Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University College of Veterinary Medicine, East Lansing, Michigan.
Prange, Timo
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina.
Osborne, Jason A
  • Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina.
Schnabel, Lauren V
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina.
  • Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina.

MeSH Terms

  • Allografts
  • Amnion
  • Animals
  • Bandages / veterinary
  • Granulation Tissue / physiology
  • Horse Diseases / therapy
  • Horses / injuries
  • Prospective Studies
  • Skin / injuries
  • Skin / pathology
  • Wound Healing / physiology
  • Wounds and Injuries / therapy
  • Wounds and Injuries / veterinary

Grant Funding

  • AniCell Biotech
  • Fund for Orthopedic Research in honor of Gus and Equine athletes (F.O.R.G.E)

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Citations

This article has been cited 1 times.
  1. Ribeiro G, Carvalho L, Borges J, Prazeres J. The Best Protocol to Treat Equine Skin Wounds by Second Intention Healing: A Scoping Review of the Literature. Animals (Basel) 2024 May 18;14(10).
    doi: 10.3390/ani14101500pubmed: 38791717google scholar: lookup
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