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Journal of virological methods2014; 200; 22-28; doi: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2014.01.010

Henipavirus microsphere immuno-assays for detection of antibodies against Hendra virus.

Abstract: Hendra and Nipah viruses (HeV and NiV) are closely related zoonotic pathogens of the Paramyxoviridae family. Both viruses belong to the Henipavirus genus and cause fatal disease in animals and humans, though only HeV is endemic in Australia. In general and due to the acute nature of the disease, agent detection by PCR and virus isolation are the primary tools for diagnostic investigations. Assays for the detection of antibodies against HeV are fit more readily for the purpose of surveillance testing in disease epidemiology and to meet certification requirements in the international movement of horses. The first generation indirect ELISA has been affected by non-specific reactions which must be resolved using virus neutralisation serology conducted at laboratory bio-safety level 4 containment (PC4). Recent developments have enabled improvements in the available serology assays. The production of an expressed recombinant truncated HeV G protein has been utilised in ELISA and in Luminex-based multiplexed microsphere assays. In the latter format, two Luminex assays have been developed for use in henipavirus serology: a binding assay (designed for antibody detection and differentiation) and a blocking assay (designed as a surrogate for virus neutralisation). Equine and canine field sera were used to evaluate the two Luminex assays relative to ELISA and virus neutralisation serology. Results showed that Luminex assays can be effective as rapid, sensitive and specific tests for the detection of HeV antibody in horse and dog sera. The tests do not require PC4 containment and are appropriate for high throughput applications as might be required for disease investigations and other epidemiological surveillance. Also, the results show that the Luminex assays detect effectively HeV vaccine-induced antibodies.
Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Publication Date: 2014-02-05 PubMed ID: 24508193PubMed Central: PMC8846554DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2014.01.010Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Evaluation Study
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research focuses on the development and evaluation of Hendra and Nipah virus immuno-assays, specifically two Luminex assays, for the detection and differentiation of Hendra virus antibodies in horses and dogs. These Luminex assays provide rapid and specific tests that don’t necessitate high bio-safety level containment and are suitable for large-scale applications.

Study Background

  • Hendra and Nipah viruses (HeV and NiV) are dangerous pathogens that cause lethal diseases in animals and humans. HeV, the primary focus of this study, is endemic in Australia.
  • Traditionally, diagnostic investigations of these diseases depend on PCR and virus isolation resulting from their acute nature.
  • The detection of HeV antibodies is more suited for surveillance testing and fulfilling certification requirements for international horse movement.

Problems with Existing Methods

  • The first-generation ELISA, an indirect test for antibodies, suffers from non-specific reactions that necessitate resolution using virus neutralisation serology. This practice requires a high bio-safety level 4 containment (PC4).

Proposed Tests

  • To improve upon these limitations, two Luminex assays were developed using the expressed recombinant truncated HeV G protein: a binding assay for antibody detection and differentiation, and a blocking assay, used as a surrogate for virus neutralisation.

Test Evaluation

  • Equine and canine field sera were applied to validate these Luminex assays alongside ELISA and virus neutralisation serology methods.
  • The results confirmed that the Luminex assays are effective as quick, sensitive, and specific tests for detecting HeV antibody in horse and dog sera. They do not require PC4 containment and are suitable for large-scale applications.
  • Interestingly, these Luminex assays effectively detected HeV vaccine-induced antibodies, further underscoring their utility.

Implications

  • The study’s results suggest that the developed Luminex assays could greatly assist in disease investigations and other epidemiological surveillance applications relating to HeV.

Cite This Article

APA
McNabb L, Barr J, Crameri G, Juzva S, Riddell S, Colling A, Boyd V, Broder C, Wang LF, Lunt R. (2014). Henipavirus microsphere immuno-assays for detection of antibodies against Hendra virus. J Virol Methods, 200, 22-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2014.01.010

Publication

Journal of virological methods
ISSN: 1879-0984
NlmUniqueID: 8005839
Country: Netherlands
Language: English
Volume: 200
Pages: 22-28

Researcher Affiliations

McNabb, Leanne
  • CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, VIC, Australia. Electronic address: Leanne.mcnabb@csiro.au.
Barr, J
  • CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, VIC, Australia.
Crameri, G
  • CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, VIC, Australia.
Juzva, S
  • CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, VIC, Australia.
Riddell, S
  • CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, VIC, Australia.
Colling, A
  • CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, VIC, Australia.
Boyd, V
  • CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, VIC, Australia.
Broder, C
  • Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
Wang, L-F
  • CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, VIC, Australia.
Lunt, R
  • CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, VIC, Australia.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Antibodies, Viral / blood
  • Antigens, Viral
  • Australia
  • Dog Diseases / diagnosis
  • Dogs
  • Hendra Virus / immunology
  • Henipavirus Infections / diagnosis
  • Henipavirus Infections / veterinary
  • Horse Diseases / diagnosis
  • Horses
  • Immunoassay / methods
  • Microspheres
  • Recombinant Proteins
  • Sensitivity and Specificity
  • Serologic Tests / methods
  • Time Factors
  • Viral Envelope Proteins
  • Virology / methods

Grant Funding

  • U01 AI077995 / NIAID NIH HHS

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Citations

This article has been cited 15 times.
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