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Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2022; 12(7); doi: 10.3390/ani12070861

Hepatic Enzyme Profile in Horses.

Abstract: For diagnostic purposes, liver enzymes are usually classified into hepatocellular and cholestatic. These two groups of equine liver-specific enzymes include sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH), γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). SDH and GLDH mostly reflect hepatocellular injury and cholestasis, while GGT expresses high values in biliary necrosis or hyperplasia. Likewise, AST, LDH, and ALP also reflect hepatocellular and biliary disease, but these enzymes are not liver specific. From the clinical point of view of the course of liver or biliary disease, AST and ALP are indicative of chronic disease, whereas SDH, GGT, and GLDH indicate an acute course. The patterns of enzymatic changes at the blood level are associated with different types of liver pathologies (infectious, inflammatory, metabolic, toxic, etc.). Increases in hepatocellular versus biliary enzyme activities are indicative of a particular process. There are different ways to diagnose alterations at the hepatic level. These include the evaluation of abnormalities in the predominant pattern of hepatocellular versus cholestatic enzyme abnormalities, the mild, moderate, or marked (5−10-fold or >10-fold) increase in enzyme abnormality concerning the upper limit of the reference range, the evolution over time (increase or decrease) and the course of the abnormality (acute or chronic).
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Publication Date: 2022-03-29 PubMed ID: 35405850PubMed Central: PMC8996839DOI: 10.3390/ani12070861Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research examines the role and significance of liver enzymes in diagnosing liver diseases in horses. The research particularly focuses on both hepatocellular and cholestatic enzymes and their patterns in different types of liver pathologies.

Enzymes Investigated

  • The study introduces two groups of enzymes specific to equine liver diseases: hepatocellular and cholestatic. These include sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH), γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP).
  • These enzymes are crucial in reflecting specific aspects of liver diseases. For instance, SDH and GLDH are indicative of hepatocellular injury and cholestasis while GGT is associated with high values in biliary necrosis or hyperplasia.

Diagnostic Indicators

  • The study suggests that these enzymes not only show the presence of liver or biliary diseases but they also indicate the state of these diseases. AST and ALP are signals of chronic disease, whereas SDH, GGT, and GLDH indicate an acute course of the disease.
  • The changes in the levels of these enzymes can be associated with different types of liver pathologies such as infectious, inflammatory, metabolic, toxic, among others.

Enzymes as Markers of Disease Process

  • The study points out that the patterns of enzymatic changes at the blood level indicate the presence of a specific pathological process. For instance, whether the hepatocellular enzyme activities are increased versus the biliary enzyme activities hints at a specific disease process.

Different Diagnostic Evaluations

  • The research also postulates that different diagnostic evaluations can be used to interpret alterations at the hepatic level. These include examining the predominant pattern of hepatocellular versus cholestatic enzyme abnormalities, the degree of increase in enzyme abnormality concerning the upper reference range, and the progression over time of the abnormality (whether it’s increasing or decreasing). The pattern of abnormality (acute or chronic) is also evaluated.

Cite This Article

APA
Satué K, Miguel-Pastor L, Chicharro D, Gardón JC. (2022). Hepatic Enzyme Profile in Horses. Animals (Basel), 12(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12070861

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 12
Issue: 7

Researcher Affiliations

Satué, Katy
  • Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary, CEU-Cardenal Herrera University, 46115 Valencia, Spain.
Miguel-Pastor, Laura
  • Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary, CEU-Cardenal Herrera University, 46115 Valencia, Spain.
Chicharro, Deborah
  • Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary, CEU-Cardenal Herrera University, 46115 Valencia, Spain.
Gardón, Juan Carlos
  • Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary and Experimental Science, Catholic University of Valencia-San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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