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Herpesviruses in respiratory liquids of horses: putative implication in airway inflammation and association with cytological features.
Abstract: The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence and the potential role of equine herpesviruses (EHVs) detection in both bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and tracheal wash (TW). The population included a control group (CTL; 37 TW and 25 BAL) and a pathological group (PAT; 259 TW and 387 BAL), including horses either suffering from respiratory diseases including syndrome of tracheal inflammation, inflammatory airway disease, recurrent airway obstruction, or submitted to respiratory investigation because of exercise intolerance or poor performance. Each respiratory liquid was submitted to a standardised cytological analysis, mentioning the morphological abnormalities of exfoliated epithelial cells (ECAb) and ciliocytophthoria (CCPh) as markers of potential viral infection, as well as PCR assays including a consensus PCR and virus-specific PCR for both equine alphaherpesviruses (EHV-1; EHV-4) and gammaherpesviruses (EHV-2; EHV-5). The EHV infections were more prevalent in the TW of PAT group (P=0.004), with the highest prevalence being for EHV-2 (P=0.006). The EHV detection in BALs was not significantly different between groups. The EHVs detection in TW was correlated to the polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) counts in the respiratory liquid but not with CCPh or ECAb. CCPh or ECAb were associated with both consensus PCR and EHV-2 and EHV-5 virus-type PCR in the BAL only. The significant detection of EHVs in the TW of PAT group in association with the PMN increased counts could lead to further investigations about their putative role in equine syndrome of tracheal inflammation.
Publication Date: 2009-04-19 PubMed ID: 19427139DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.04.021Google Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.
This research paper investigates the prevalence of equine herpesviruses (EHVs) in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and tracheal wash (TW) of horses, and their possible connection to respiratory diseases and inflammation. The study finds that EHV infections were more common in the TW of the group of horses with pathologies, with the highest prevalence being for EHV-2.
Research Objective
- The study aims to estimate the prevalence of equine herpesviruses in different techniques used to obtain respiratory samples from horses (bronchoalveolar lavage and tracheal wash).
- It also aims to explore the potential link between EHV detection and different forms of respiratory diseases in horses, such as tracheal inflammation, inflammatory airway disease, and recurrent airway obstruction.
Methodology
- The study subjects included a control group and a pathological group, the latter comprised of horses either suffering from respiratory diseases or under respiratory investigation due to exercise intolerance or poor performance.
- Both types of respiratory samples were subjected to a standardized cytological analysis. This process involved noting abnormalities and markers of potential viral infection in the exfoliated epithelial cells and ciliocytophthoria found in the samples.
- The samples were then tested using PCR assays specifically designed to detect the presence of two types of herpesviruses – alphaherpesviruses (EHV-1 and EHV-4) and gammaherpesviruses (EHV-2 and EHV-5).
Findings
- The study found that herpesvirus infections were more prevalent in the tracheal washes of the pathological group. Among all the herpesviruses, EHV-2 had the highest prevalence.
- The detection rate of herpesviruses in bronchoalveolar lavages was not significantly different between the control and the pathological group.
- The presence of herpesviruses in tracheal washes was found to be correlated with the count of polymorphonuclear neutrophils – a type of white blood cells – within the respiratory fluid. However, no such correlation was found with markers indicating potential viral infection.
- It was also found that certain morphological features of cells found in the bronchoalveolar lavage were associated with the detection of EHVs, specifically EHV-2 and EHV-5.
Implications
- The detection of herpesviruses in the tracheal washes of horses from the pathological group, along with increased counts of polymorphonuclear neutrophils, could suggest a possible link between these viruses and equine tracheal inflammation.
- This could lead to future research investigating the potential role of herpesviruses in equine respiratory diseases and inflammation. This could eventually help develop better diagnostic tools and treatment options for these conditions in horses.
Cite This Article
APA
Fortier G, van Erck E, Fortier C, Richard E, Pottier D, Pronost S, Miszczak F, Thiry E, Lekeux P.
(2009).
Herpesviruses in respiratory liquids of horses: putative implication in airway inflammation and association with cytological features.
Vet Microbiol, 139(1-2), 34-41.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.04.021 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Frank Duncombe Laboratory, 14053 Caen Cedex 4, France. g.fortier@cg14.fr
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / cytology
- Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / virology
- Herpesviridae Infections / veterinary
- Herpesvirus 1, Equid / genetics
- Herpesvirus 4, Equid / genetics
- Horse Diseases / pathology
- Horse Diseases / virology
- Horses / virology
- Inflammation / veterinary
- Neutrophils
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Respiratory Tract Diseases / veterinary
- Rhadinovirus / genetics
- Trachea / cytology
- Trachea / virology
Citations
This article has been cited 15 times.- Onasanya AE, El-Hage C, Diaz-Méndez A, Vaz PK, Legione AR, Browning GF, Devlin JM, Hartley CA. Whole genome sequence analysis of equid gammaherpesvirus -2 field isolates reveals high levels of genomic diversity and recombination. BMC Genomics 2022 Aug 30;23(1):622.
- Stasiak K, Dunowska M, Rola J. Kinetics of the Equid Herpesvirus 2 and 5 Infections among Mares and Foals from Three Polish National Studs. Viruses 2022 Mar 29;14(4).
- El-Hage C, Mekuria Z, Dynon K, Hartley C, McBride K, Gilkerson J. Association of Equine Herpesvirus 5 with Mild Respiratory Disease in a Survey of EHV1, -2, -4 and -5 in 407 Australian Horses. Animals (Basel) 2021 Nov 30;11(12).
- Scheurer L, Bachofen C, Hardmeier I, Lechmann J, Schoster A. Prevalence of Nasal Shedding of Equid Gammaherpesviruses in Healthy Swiss Horses. Viruses 2021 Aug 25;13(9).
- Mira F, Canuti M, Di Bella S, Puleio R, Lavazza A, Lelli D, Vicari D, Purpari G, Cannella V, Chiaramonte G, Schirò G, Castronovo C, Guercio A. Detection and Molecular Characterization of Two Gammaherpesviruses from Pantesco Breed Donkeys during an Outbreak of Mild Respiratory Disease. Viruses 2021 Aug 2;13(8).
- Couetil L, Cardwell JM, Leguillette R, Mazan M, Richard E, Bienzle D, Bullone M, Gerber V, Ivester K, Lavoie JP, Martin J, Moran G, Niedźwiedź A, Pusterla N, Swiderski C. Equine Asthma: Current Understanding and Future Directions. Front Vet Sci 2020;7:450.
- Jerele S, Davis E, Mapes S, Pusterla N, Navas González FJ, Iglesias Pastrana C, Abdelfattah EM, McLean A. Survey of Serum Amyloid A and Bacterial and Viral Frequency Using qPCR Levels in Recently Captured Feral Donkeys from Death Valley National Park (California). Animals (Basel) 2020 Jun 23;10(6).
- Bond SL, Workentine M, Hundt J, Gilkerson JR, Léguillette R. Effects of nebulized dexamethasone on the respiratory microbiota and mycobiota and relative equine herpesvirus-1, 2, 4, 5 in an equine model of asthma. J Vet Intern Med 2020 Jan;34(1):307-321.
- Noiva R, Ruivo P, de Carvalho LM, Fonseca C, Fevereiro M, Carvalho P, Orge L, Monteiro M, Peleteiro MC. First description of a fatal equine infection with Halicephalobus gingivalis in Portugal. Relevance for public health. Vet Med Sci 2019 May;5(2):222-229.
- Marenzoni ML, Stefanetti V, Danzetta ML, Timoney PJ. Gammaherpesvirus infections in equids: a review. Vet Med (Auckl) 2015;6:91-101.
- Stasiak K, Dunowska M, Rola J. Prevalence and sequence analysis of equid herpesviruses from the respiratory tract of Polish horses. Virol J 2018 Jul 11;15(1):106.
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- Couëtil LL, Cardwell JM, Gerber V, Lavoie JP, Léguillette R, Richard EA. Inflammatory Airway Disease of Horses--Revised Consensus Statement. J Vet Intern Med 2016 Mar-Apr;30(2):503-15.
- Houtsma A, Bedenice D, Pusterla N, Pugliese B, Mapes S, Hoffman AM, Paxson J, Rozanski E, Mukherjee J, Wigley M, Mazan MR. Association between inflammatory airway disease of horses and exposure to respiratory viruses: a case control study. Multidiscip Respir Med 2015;10:33.
- Back H, Kendall A, Grandón R, Ullman K, Treiberg-Berndtsson L, Ståhl K, Pringle J. Equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis in association with asinine herpesvirus type 5 and equine herpesvirus type 5: a case report. Acta Vet Scand 2012 Sep 25;54(1):57.
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