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Home / Equine Research Bank / Front Microbiol / High Diversity of Genogroup I Picobirnaviruses in Mammals.
Frontiers in microbiology2016; 7; 1886; doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01886

High Diversity of Genogroup I Picobirnaviruses in Mammals.

Abstract: In a molecular epidemiology study using 791 fecal samples collected from different terrestrial and marine mammals in Hong Kong, genogroup I picobirnaviruses (PBVs) were positive by RT-PCR targeting the partial RdRp gene in specimens from five cattle, six monkeys, 17 horses, nine pigs, one rabbit, one dog, and 12 California sea lions, with 11, 9, 23, 17, 1, 1, and 15 sequence types in the positive specimens from the corresponding animals, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the PBV sequences from each kind of animal were widely distributed in the whole tree with high diversity, sharing 47.4-89.0% nucleotide identities with other genogroup I PBV strains based on the partial RdRp gene. Nine complete segment 1 (viral loads 1.7 × 10 to 5.9 × 10/ml) and 15 segment 2 (viral loads 4.1 × 10 to 1.3 × 10/ml) of otarine PBVs from fecal samples serially collected from California sea lions were sequenced. In the two phylogenetic trees constructed using ORF2 and ORF3 of segment 1, the nine segment 1 sequences were clustered into four distinct clades (C1-C4). In the tree constructed using RdRp gene of segment 2, the 15 segment 2 sequences were clustered into nine distinct clades (R1-R9). In four sea lions, PBVs were detected in two different years, with the same segment 1 clade (C3) present in two consecutive years from one sea lion and different clades present in different years from three sea lions. A high diversity of PBVs was observed in a variety of terrestrial and marine mammals. Multiple sequence types with significant differences, representing multiple strains of PBV, were present in the majority of PBV-positive samples from different kinds of animals.
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Publication Date: 2016-11-23 PubMed ID: 27933049PubMed Central: PMC5120130DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01886Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The study is about genogroup I picobirnaviruses (PBVs) found in various mammal species in Hong Kong. A significant number of the samples taken from these mammals were positive for PBVs, revealing a high diversity among these viruses.

Research Methods

  • The researchers conducted a molecular epidemiology study where they collected 791 fecal samples from a range of terrestrial and marine mammals in Hong Kong. These included cattle, monkeys, horses, pigs, rabbits, dogs, and California sea lions.
  • They used the RT-PCR technique to target the partial RdRp gene, which is a component of the PBV virus. This method enabled them to identify which samples were PBV positive.
  • They also studied and compared the PBV sequence types found in the positive specimens from each kind of animal.
  • Complete segments of the PBV virus found in the sea lions were sequenced for further analysis.

Results and Findings

  • The study revealed that samples from five cattle, six monkeys, 17 horses, nine pigs, one rabbit, one dog, and 12 California sea lions were positive for PBVs.
  • The analysis of the positive samples showed widely distributed PBV sequences with high diversity. The viral sequences shared 47.4-89.0% nucleotide identities with other strains of genogroup I PBVs based on the partial RdRp gene.
  • Through phylogenetic analysis, the PBV sequences from each animal type were dispersed throughout the entire tree, signifying vast diversity.
  • The PBV sequence types present in the sea lions were clustered into distinct groupings or “clades”.
  • The analysis also revealed the presence of multiple strains of the virus in the majority of PBV-positive samples from the different animals.
  • Four sea lions were found to harbor PBVs in two different years, with the same sequence type (C3) present in two consecutive years in one sea lion, while different types were found in different years in three sea lions.

Conclusion

  • The study concludes that there is a high diversity of PBVs present in a variety of terrestrial and marine mammals in Hong Kong.
  • This highlights the possible complexity and wide distribution of these viruses among different animal hosts, potentially Furthermore, with the finding of multiple virus strains in many of the positive samples, it poses questions regarding the potential viral transmission and infection mechanisms among these animals.

Cite This Article

APA
Woo PC, Teng JL, Bai R, Wong AY, Martelli P, Hui SW, Tsang AK, Lau CC, Ahmed SS, Yip CC, Choi GK, Li KS, Lam CS, Lau SK, Yuen KY. (2016). High Diversity of Genogroup I Picobirnaviruses in Mammals. Front Microbiol, 7, 1886. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01886

Publication

Frontiers in microbiology
ISSN: 1664-302X
NlmUniqueID: 101548977
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 7
Pages: 1886
PII: 1886

Researcher Affiliations

Woo, Patrick C Y
  • Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong KongHong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong KongHong Kong, China; Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong KongHong Kong, China; Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong KongHong Kong, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong KongHong Kong, China.
Teng, Jade L L
  • Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong KongHong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong KongHong Kong, China; Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong KongHong Kong, China; Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong KongHong Kong, China.
Bai, Ru
  • Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China.
Wong, Annette Y P
  • Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China.
Martelli, Paolo
  • Ocean Park Corporation Hong Kong, China.
Hui, Suk-Wai
  • Ocean Park Corporation Hong Kong, China.
Tsang, Alan K L
  • Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China.
Lau, Candy C Y
  • Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China.
Ahmed, Syed S
  • Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China.
Yip, Cyril C Y
  • Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China.
Choi, Garnet K Y
  • Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China.
Li, Kenneth S M
  • Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China.
Lam, Carol S F
  • Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China.
Lau, Susanna K P
  • Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong KongHong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong KongHong Kong, China; Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong KongHong Kong, China; Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong KongHong Kong, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong KongHong Kong, China.
Yuen, Kwok-Yung
  • Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong KongHong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong KongHong Kong, China; Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong KongHong Kong, China; Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong KongHong Kong, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong KongHong Kong, China.

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