High field magnetic resonance imaging is comparable with gross anatomy for description of the normal appearance of soft tissues in the equine stifle.
Abstract: High field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasingly used for horses with suspected stifle disease, however there is limited available information on normal imaging anatomy and potential incidental findings. The aim of this prospective, anatomic study was to develop an optimized high field MRI protocol for evaluation of the equine stifle and provide detailed descriptions of the normal MRI appearance of the stifle soft tissues, using ultrasound and gross pathological examination as comparison tests. Nine cadaver limbs were acquired from clinically normal horses. Stifles were evaluated ultrasonographically and then by an extensive 1.5 T MRI protocol. Subsequently, all stifles were evaluated for gross pathologic change. Findings were compared between gross evaluation and MRI imaging and described. No soft tissue structure abnormalities were identified on any evaluation. Specific descriptive findings of the meniscotibial, meniscofemoral, collateral, patellar and cruciate ligaments, and the menisci were reported. The high field MRI protocol described in this study provided high spatial and contrast resolution of the soft tissue structures, and this in turn allowed visualization of detailed structural characteristics, such as striations and variations in signal intensity. Findings supported the use of high field MRI as a modality for the evaluation of the soft tissues of the equine stifle. As clinical availability of this modality increases in the future, authors anticipate that new stifle diseases will be detected that have not previously been identified with other imaging modalities.
© 2018 American College of Veterinary Radiology.
Publication Date: 2018-08-22 PubMed ID: 30136364DOI: 10.1111/vru.12674Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
Summary
This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.
This research study investigates the efficacy of high field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in detailing the normal anatomy of horse stifle (equivalent to the human knee), and compares this method to gross anatomical examination and ultrasound techniques. The researchers find that high field MRI can provide high-quality imaging of soft tissues in the equine stifle, thus enhancing the detection of possible stifle diseases in the future.
Study Design and Methods
- The research was designed as a prospective anatomic study, aiming to develop and examine a high field MRI protocol for scanning the equine stifle.
- Nine cadaver limbs from clinically healthy horses were used in the study.
- Each stifle was initially evaluated using ultrasonography, followed by comprehensive 1.5 Tesla MRI scanning.
- After imaging, all stifles were then studied for any gross pathological changes.
- Researchers then compared the findings obtained from gross evaluation and MRI imaging.
Findings and Discussion
- No abnormalities were identified in any of the soft tissue structures across all evaluations, which included the meniscotibial, meniscofemoral, collateral, patellar and cruciate ligaments, and the menisci.
- The high field MRI protocol established in the study delivered high spatial and contrast resolution of the soft tissue structures. This higher resolution enabled the visualization of minute structural characteristics, such as striations and variations in signal intensity.
- The researchers concluded that the findings supported the use of high field MRI as a crucial evaluation method of the soft tissues in the equine stifle.
Implications and Future Directions
- With the increased clinical availability of the high field MRI modality in the future, the authors anticipate detecting new stifle diseases that were not identifiable with previous imaging techniques.
Cite This Article
APA
Daglish J, Frisbie DD, Selberg KT, Barrett MF.
(2018).
High field magnetic resonance imaging is comparable with gross anatomy for description of the normal appearance of soft tissues in the equine stifle.
Vet Radiol Ultrasound, 59(6), 721-736.
https://doi.org/10.1111/vru.12674 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523.
- Gail Holmes Equine Orthopaedic Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523.
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523.
- Gail Holmes Equine Orthopaedic Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523.
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523.
MeSH Terms
- Anatomy, Veterinary / methods
- Anatomy, Veterinary / statistics & numerical data
- Animals
- Cadaver
- Female
- Horses / anatomy & histology
- Ligaments, Articular / diagnostic imaging
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging / instrumentation
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging / veterinary
- Male
- Prospective Studies
- Reference Values
- Stifle / diagnostic imaging
- Ultrasonography / veterinary
Citations
This article has been cited 7 times.- Bolz NM, Sánchez-Andrade JS, Torgerson PR, Bischofberger AS. Diagnostic Performance of Multi-Detector Computed Tomography Arthrography and 3-Tesla Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Diagnose Experimentally Created Articular Cartilage Lesions in Equine Cadaver Stifles.. Animals (Basel) 2023 Jul 14;13(14).
- Hagag U, Nahas AE, Almohamad ZA, Brehm W, Gerlach K. 3T Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography of the bovine carpus.. BMC Vet Res 2022 Jun 22;18(1):236.
- Aßmann AD, Ohlerth S, Suárez Sánchez-Andráde J, Torgerson PR, Bischofberger AS. Ex vivo comparison of 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging and multidetector computed tomography arthrography to identify artificial soft tissue lesions in equine stifles.. Vet Surg 2022 May;51(4):648-657.
- Al Mohamad ZA, Hagag U, Tawfiek MG, El Nahas A. Magnetic resonance imaging of the normal dromedary camel tarsus.. BMC Vet Res 2021 Mar 2;17(1):101.
- Ribitsch I, Oreff GL, Jenner F. Regenerative Medicine for Equine Musculoskeletal Diseases.. Animals (Basel) 2021 Jan 19;11(1).
- You Q, Zhang K, Liu J, Liu C, Wang H, Wang M, Ye S, Gao H, Lv L, Wang C, Zhu L, Yang Y. Persistent Regulation of Tumor Hypoxia Microenvironment via a Bioinspired Pt-Based Oxygen Nanogenerator for Multimodal Imaging-Guided Synergistic Phototherapy.. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2020 Sep;7(17):1903341.
- Van der Vekens E, de Bakker E, Bogaerts E, Broeckx BJG, Ducatelle R, Kromhout K, Saunders JH. High-frequency ultrasound, computed tomography and computed tomography arthrography of the cranial cruciate ligament, menisci and cranial meniscotibial ligaments in 10 radiographically normal canine cadaver stifles.. BMC Vet Res 2019 May 14;15(1):146.
Use Nutrition Calculator
Check if your horse's diet meets their nutrition requirements with our easy-to-use tool Check your horse's diet with our easy-to-use tool
Talk to a Nutritionist
Discuss your horse's feeding plan with our experts over a free phone consultation Discuss your horse's diet over a phone consultation
Submit Diet Evaluation
Get a customized feeding plan for your horse formulated by our equine nutritionists Get a custom feeding plan formulated by our nutritionists
