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Home / Equine Research Bank / BMC Vet Res / Histopathological lesions in reproductive organs, distal spi...
BMC veterinary research2019; 15(1); 175; doi: 10.1186/s12917-019-1916-7

Histopathological lesions in reproductive organs, distal spinal cord and peripheral nerves of horses naturally infected with Trypanosoma equiperdum.

Abstract: Dourine, a venereal transmitted trypanosomosis caused by Trypanosoma equiperdum, has different clinical signs related to the reproductive and nervous system. Pathologic tissue changes associated with the disease are poorly described. The present study describes the histopathological lesions in naturally T. equiperdum-infected horses in the chronical stage of dourine. Results: Four chronically dourine diseased horses underwent a post-mortem examination. They were Woo test negative, but CATT/T. evansi positive, had a low packed cell volume (PCV) and exhibited obvious clinical signs of dourine. Post-mortem examination did not reveal gross lesions in the organs assumed to be responsible for the symptomatology. On histopathology, genital organs were affected, with mononuclear cell infiltration and erosions and degeneration of seminiferous tubules and perivascular lymphoplasmacytic cuffing in the uterus. In the nervous system, mononuclear cell infiltration was located in peripheral nerves, ganglia and in the spinal cord, leading to axonal degeneration. Real-time PCR using ITS primer revealed the presence of trypanosomes in these organs and conventional PCRs using maxicircle and RoTat1.2 primers further confirmed the involvement of T. equiperdum since the DNAs from the vagina, testicle, distal spinal cord, sciatic and obturator nerves found to be positive for maxicircle and negative for RoTat 1.2. Conclusions: The histopathological lesions in the spinal cord and peripheral nerves explain the incoordination of the hind legs in T. equiperdum-infected horses, whilst its presence in the genital tract exemplifies the venereal transmission.
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Publication Date: 2019-05-28 PubMed ID: 31138270PubMed Central: PMC6537221DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1916-7Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research article presents a study into the effects of a disease, caused by Trypanosoma equiperdum, on the reproductive organs and nervous system of horses. The study dives into the specific histopathological changes caused by the infection and reports the presence of this parasite in the spinal cord, peripheral nerves, and genital system of infected horses.

Research Context and Objectives

  • The article discusses dourine, a venereal disease in horses caused by Trypanosoma equiperdum – a parasite transmitted through mating.
  • This disease affects the horse’s nervous and reproductive systems, yet the specific tissue changes triggered by this disease are poorly understood.
  • The objective of the study was to explore the histopathological (tissue-level) lesions present in naturally infected horses during the chronic stage of the disease.

Methodology and Results

  • Four horses chronically infected with dourine were subjected to a post-mortem examination.
  • These horses were negative for Woo test, positive for CATT/T. evansi test, had a low packed cell volume (PCV), and displayed clear symptoms of dourine.
  • No gross lesions were detected in the post-mortem check of the organs associated with the disease’s symptoms.
  • However, histopathology showed that the genital organs were indeed affected, evidenced by mononuclear cell infiltration, degeneration of seminiferous tubules, and perivascular lymphoplasmacytic cuffing in the uterus.
  • Mononuclear cells were also found in peripheral nerves, ganglia, and the spinal cord, leading to axonal degeneration.
  • Real-time PCR tests using an ITS primer detected trypanosomes in these organs and conventional PCRs using maxicircle and RoTat1.2 primers further confirmed the presence of T. equiperdum as the DNAs from various organs turned out to be positive for maxicircle and negative for RoTat 1.2.

Conclusions

  • The study concluded that the histopathological lesions found in the horses’ spinal cord and peripheral nerves explain the incoordination of the hind legs in T. equiperdum-infected horses.
  • The presence of the parasite in the genital tract substantiates its venereal route of transmission.

Cite This Article

APA
Yasine A, Ashenafi H, Geldhof P, Van Brantegem L, Vercauteren G, Bekana M, Tola A, Van Soom A, Duchateau L, Goddeeris B, Govaere J. (2019). Histopathological lesions in reproductive organs, distal spinal cord and peripheral nerves of horses naturally infected with Trypanosoma equiperdum. BMC Vet Res, 15(1), 175. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-019-1916-7

Publication

BMC veterinary research
ISSN: 1746-6148
NlmUniqueID: 101249759
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 15
Issue: 1
Pages: 175
PII: 175

Researcher Affiliations

Yasine, Ahmed
  • Wollo University, School of Veterinary Medicine, P.O Box 1145, Dessie, Ethiopia. yasineahmed11@gmail.com.
  • Addis Ababa University, College of Veterinary Medicine, P.O Box 34, Bishoftu, Ethiopia. yasineahmed11@gmail.com.
  • Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium. yasineahmed11@gmail.com.
Ashenafi, Hagos
  • Addis Ababa University, College of Veterinary Medicine, P.O Box 34, Bishoftu, Ethiopia.
Geldhof, Peter
  • Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
Van Brantegem, Leen
  • Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
Vercauteren, Griet
  • Vet-Path bvba, 9991, Adegem, Belgium.
Bekana, Merga
  • Addis Ababa University, College of Veterinary Medicine, P.O Box 34, Bishoftu, Ethiopia.
Tola, Alemu
  • Addis Ababa University, College of Veterinary Medicine, P.O Box 34, Bishoftu, Ethiopia.
Van Soom, Ann
  • Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
Duchateau, Luc
  • Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
Goddeeris, Bruno
  • Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
  • Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium.
Govaere, Jan
  • Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Dourine / parasitology
  • Dourine / pathology
  • Female
  • Horse Diseases / parasitology
  • Horse Diseases / pathology
  • Horses
  • Male
  • Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / parasitology
  • Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / pathology
  • Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / veterinary
  • Polymerase Chain Reaction
  • Reproductive Tract Infections / parasitology
  • Reproductive Tract Infections / pathology
  • Reproductive Tract Infections / veterinary
  • Seminiferous Tubules / parasitology
  • Seminiferous Tubules / pathology
  • Spinal Cord / parasitology
  • Spinal Cord / pathology
  • Trypanosoma / isolation & purification
  • Uterus / parasitology
  • Uterus / pathology

Grant Funding

  • VLIR (TEAM ZEIN2013PR393), / Flemish Inter-University Council-University Development Cooperation (VLIR-UOS).

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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Citations

This article has been cited 4 times.
  1. Abah KO, Ogwu D, Allam L, Obudu CE, Itodo JI, Sani NA. Genital lesions in cows naturally infected with trypanosomes in Abuja, Nigeria. Vet World 2021 May;14(5):1363-1370.
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  3. Rimayanti R, Khairullah AR, Mustofa I, Utomo B, Lestari TD, Utama S, Akintunde AO, Mulyati S, Hernawati T, Dawood AQ, Riady G, Khan IU, Rasad SD, Moses IB. Hidden menace: Understanding the devastating consequences of dourine disease in horses. Open Vet J 2025 Sep;15(9):3931-3942.
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  4. Hébert L, Froger D, Madeline A, Lecouturier F, Lemans C, Zientara S. European Inter-Laboratory Proficiency Test for Dourine Antibody Detection Using the Complement Fixation Test. Vet Sci 2023 Sep 26;10(10).
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