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Veterinary microbiology1991; 27(3-4); 231-244; doi: 10.1016/0378-1135(91)90150-e

Homotypic and heterotypic serum and milk antibody to rotavirus in normal, infected and vaccinated horses.

Abstract: The homotypic and heterotypic antibody response to rotavirus was determined in three pony mares and their foals. The normal concentrations of anti-rotavirus antibodies in mares' milk and mares' and foals' serum over the first 10 weeks post-partum were measured using IgA, IgG and rotavirus serotype-specific enzyme linked immunosorbent assays. Experimental infection of the foals with serotype 3 equine rotavirus produced a rapid, serotype-specific response which peaked 10 days after infection and a slower heterotypic response which peaked 32 days later. In contrast, vaccination of the mares with an inactivated, adjuvanted serotype 6 bovine rotavirus produced a heterotypic response similar to that of the homotypic response in both serum and milk, although the predominant response in serum was IgG, while in milk it was IgA. These results suggest that non serotype-restricted passive protection of foals against rotavirus may be achieved by parenteral vaccination of mares.
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Publication Date: 1991-05-01 PubMed ID: 1715620PubMed Central: PMC7117508DOI: 10.1016/0378-1135(91)90150-eGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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  • Comparative Study
  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research investigates the response of specific antibodies to rotavirus in horses, focusing on the differences between antibodies in both normal and infected subjects. The findings imply that it might be possible to protect young horses against rotavirus through vaccination of the mother.

Study Design

  • The experiment was carried out on three pony mares and their foals.
  • The responses of ‘homotypic’ and ‘heterotypic’ antibodies to rotavirus were studied. Homotypic antibodies are those that target the same antigen (i.e., the substance that induced their production), while heterotypic antibodies target different, but related, antigens.
  • The levels of anti-rotavirus antibodies in different bodily fluids (mare’s milk and the serum of both mares and foals) were assessed over the first ten weeks after birth. For this, the researchers employed assays that specifically target IgA and IgG type antibodies, as well as antibodies specific to different serotypes of the rotavirus.

Findings

  • If a foal was infected with a strain of rotavirus (serotype 3 equine rotavirus), a rapid, specific response was observed, peaking ten days after infection.
  • After this initial response, a slower reaction took place which peaked 32 days later. This response was ‘heterotypic’ — the antibodies reacted with different, but related, antigens.
  • The response in vaccinated mares (inoculated with an inactive, adjuvanted serotype 6 bovine rotavirus) was different. The ‘homotypic’ and ‘heterotypic’ responses in both serum and milk were similar, but the dominant antibody type differed. In blood serum, there were more IgG type antibodies, and in milk, there were more IgA type antibodies.

Implications

  • These findings suggest that it might be possible to protect foals against various strains of rotavirus via vaccination of the mare.
  • This strategy relies on ‘passive protection’, wherein the antibodies produced in response to the vaccine in the mare are passed to the foal through her milk. These antibodies can then offer temporary protection to the foal until its own immune system has matured.

Cite This Article

APA
Browning GF, Chalmers RM, Sale CS, Fitzgerald TA, Snodgrass DR. (1991). Homotypic and heterotypic serum and milk antibody to rotavirus in normal, infected and vaccinated horses. Vet Microbiol, 27(3-4), 231-244. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-1135(91)90150-e

Publication

Veterinary microbiology
ISSN: 0378-1135
NlmUniqueID: 7705469
Country: Netherlands
Language: English
Volume: 27
Issue: 3-4
Pages: 231-244

Researcher Affiliations

Browning, G F
  • Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK.
Chalmers, R M
    Sale, C S
      Fitzgerald, T A
        Snodgrass, D R

          MeSH Terms

          • Animals
          • Antibodies, Monoclonal
          • Antibodies, Viral / biosynthesis
          • Antibodies, Viral / blood
          • Cross Reactions
          • Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
          • Epitopes
          • Female
          • Horse Diseases / immunology
          • Horses
          • Immunoglobulin A / biosynthesis
          • Immunoglobulin G / biosynthesis
          • Milk / immunology
          • Rotavirus / classification
          • Rotavirus / immunology
          • Rotavirus Infections / immunology
          • Rotavirus Infections / veterinary
          • Serotyping
          • Species Specificity
          • Vaccination / veterinary
          • Viral Vaccines / immunology

          Grant Funding

          • Wellcome Trust

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          Citations

          This article has been cited 6 times.
          1. Snodgrass DR. Foal rotavirus - can we learn anything from calf scour?. Equine Vet Educ 1992 Oct;4(5):245-247.
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          2. Bailey KE, Gilkerson JR, Browning GF. Equine rotaviruses--current understanding and continuing challenges. Vet Microbiol 2013 Nov 29;167(1-2):135-44.
            doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.07.010pubmed: 23932076google scholar: lookup
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            doi: 10.1186/1751-0147-54-63pubmed: 23130609google scholar: lookup
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