FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 9000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Home / Equine Research Bank / Vet Microbiol / Homotypic and heterotypic serum and milk antibody to rotavir...
Veterinary microbiology1991; 27(3-4); 231-244; doi: 10.1016/0378-1135(91)90150-e

Homotypic and heterotypic serum and milk antibody to rotavirus in normal, infected and vaccinated horses.

Abstract: The homotypic and heterotypic antibody response to rotavirus was determined in three pony mares and their foals. The normal concentrations of anti-rotavirus antibodies in mares' milk and mares' and foals' serum over the first 10 weeks post-partum were measured using IgA, IgG and rotavirus serotype-specific enzyme linked immunosorbent assays. Experimental infection of the foals with serotype 3 equine rotavirus produced a rapid, serotype-specific response which peaked 10 days after infection and a slower heterotypic response which peaked 32 days later. In contrast, vaccination of the mares with an inactivated, adjuvanted serotype 6 bovine rotavirus produced a heterotypic response similar to that of the homotypic response in both serum and milk, although the predominant response in serum was IgG, while in milk it was IgA. These results suggest that non serotype-restricted passive protection of foals against rotavirus may be achieved by parenteral vaccination of mares.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 1991-05-01 PubMed ID: 1715620PubMed Central: PMC7117508DOI: 10.1016/0378-1135(91)90150-eGoogle Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Comparative Study
  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research investigates the response of specific antibodies to rotavirus in horses, focusing on the differences between antibodies in both normal and infected subjects. The findings imply that it might be possible to protect young horses against rotavirus through vaccination of the mother.

Study Design

  • The experiment was carried out on three pony mares and their foals.
  • The responses of ‘homotypic’ and ‘heterotypic’ antibodies to rotavirus were studied. Homotypic antibodies are those that target the same antigen (i.e., the substance that induced their production), while heterotypic antibodies target different, but related, antigens.
  • The levels of anti-rotavirus antibodies in different bodily fluids (mare’s milk and the serum of both mares and foals) were assessed over the first ten weeks after birth. For this, the researchers employed assays that specifically target IgA and IgG type antibodies, as well as antibodies specific to different serotypes of the rotavirus.

Findings

  • If a foal was infected with a strain of rotavirus (serotype 3 equine rotavirus), a rapid, specific response was observed, peaking ten days after infection.
  • After this initial response, a slower reaction took place which peaked 32 days later. This response was ‘heterotypic’ — the antibodies reacted with different, but related, antigens.
  • The response in vaccinated mares (inoculated with an inactive, adjuvanted serotype 6 bovine rotavirus) was different. The ‘homotypic’ and ‘heterotypic’ responses in both serum and milk were similar, but the dominant antibody type differed. In blood serum, there were more IgG type antibodies, and in milk, there were more IgA type antibodies.

Implications

  • These findings suggest that it might be possible to protect foals against various strains of rotavirus via vaccination of the mare.
  • This strategy relies on ‘passive protection’, wherein the antibodies produced in response to the vaccine in the mare are passed to the foal through her milk. These antibodies can then offer temporary protection to the foal until its own immune system has matured.

Cite This Article

APA
Browning GF, Chalmers RM, Sale CS, Fitzgerald TA, Snodgrass DR. (1991). Homotypic and heterotypic serum and milk antibody to rotavirus in normal, infected and vaccinated horses. Vet Microbiol, 27(3-4), 231-244. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-1135(91)90150-e

Publication

Veterinary microbiology
ISSN: 0378-1135
NlmUniqueID: 7705469
Country: Netherlands
Language: English
Volume: 27
Issue: 3-4
Pages: 231-244

Researcher Affiliations

Browning, G F
  • Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK.
Chalmers, R M
    Sale, C S
      Fitzgerald, T A
        Snodgrass, D R

          MeSH Terms

          • Animals
          • Antibodies, Monoclonal
          • Antibodies, Viral / biosynthesis
          • Antibodies, Viral / blood
          • Cross Reactions
          • Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
          • Epitopes
          • Female
          • Horse Diseases / immunology
          • Horses
          • Immunoglobulin A / biosynthesis
          • Immunoglobulin G / biosynthesis
          • Milk / immunology
          • Rotavirus / classification
          • Rotavirus / immunology
          • Rotavirus Infections / immunology
          • Rotavirus Infections / veterinary
          • Serotyping
          • Species Specificity
          • Vaccination / veterinary
          • Viral Vaccines / immunology

          Grant Funding

          • Wellcome Trust

          References

          This article includes 39 references
          1. Beards GM, Desselberger U. Determination of rotavirus serotype-specific antibodies in sera by competitive enhanced enzyme immunoassay.. J Virol Methods 1989 Apr-May;24(1-2):103-10.
            pubmed: 2547808doi: 10.1016/0166-0934(89)90012-8google scholar: lookup
          2. Bernstein DI, McNeal MM, Schiff GM, Ward RL. Induction and persistence of local rotavirus antibodies in relation to serum antibodies.. J Med Virol 1989 Jun;28(2):90-5.
            pubmed: 2544681doi: 10.1002/jmv.1890280207google scholar: lookup
          3. Bishop RF, Cipriani E, Lund JS, Barnes GL, Hosking CS. Estimation of rotavirus immunoglobulin G antibodies in human serum samples by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay: expression of results as units derived from a standard curve.. J Clin Microbiol 1984 Apr;19(4):447-52.
            pmc: PMC271092pubmed: 6325495doi: 10.1128/jcm.19.4.447-452.1984google scholar: lookup
          4. Brüssow H, Walther I, Fryder V, Sidoti J, Bruttin A. Cross-neutralizing antibodies induced by single serotype vaccination of cows with rotavirus.. J Gen Virol 1988 Jul;69 ( Pt 7):1647-58.
            pubmed: 2839600doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-69-7-1647google scholar: lookup
          5. Chanock RM, Murphy BR, Collins PL, Coelingh KV, Olmsted RA, Snyder MH, Spriggs MK, Prince GA, Moss B, Flores J. Live viral vaccines for respiratory and enteric tract diseases.. Vaccine 1988 Apr;6(2):129-33.
            pubmed: 2838984doi: 10.1016/s0264-410x(88)80014-8google scholar: lookup
          6. Conner ME, Darlington RW. Rotavirus infection in foals.. Am J Vet Res 1980 Oct;41(10):1699-703.
            pubmed: 6261616
          7. Dwyer RM, Powell D, Lyons E, Donahue JM, Roberts AW, Osborne M. The actiology of infectious diarrhoea in throughbred foals in central Kentucky. Equine Vet. J. Suppl. 1988;5:59–60.
          8. Estes MK, Conner ME, Gilger MA, Graham DY. Molecular biology and immunology of rotavirus infections.. Immunol Invest 1989 Jan-May;18(1-4):571-81.
            pubmed: 2659520doi: 10.3109/08820138909112264google scholar: lookup
          9. Fahey KJ, Snodgrass DR, Campbell I, Dawson AM, Burrells C. IgG1 antibody in milk protects lambs against rotavirus diarrhoea.. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1981 Feb;2(1):27-33.
            pubmed: 6283719doi: 10.1016/0165-2427(81)90036-2google scholar: lookup
          10. Gillespie J, Kalica A, Conner M, Schiff E, Barr M, Holmes D, Frey M. The isolation, propagation and characterization of tissue-cultured equine rotaviruses.. Vet Microbiol 1984 Feb;9(1):1-14.
            pubmed: 6326375doi: 10.1016/0378-1135(84)90074-9google scholar: lookup
          11. Herbst W, Zschöck M, Hamann HP, Lange H, Weiss R, Danner K, Schliesser T. [The occurrence of rotavirus and fimbriae-bearing E. coli types in foals with diarrhea].. Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr 1987 Nov 1;100(11):364-6.
            pubmed: 2892483
          12. Herring AJ, Inglis NF, Ojeh CK, Snodgrass DR, Menzies JD. Rapid diagnosis of rotavirus infection by direct detection of viral nucleic acid in silver-stained polyacrylamide gels.. J Clin Microbiol 1982 Sep;16(3):473-7.
            pmc: PMC272392pubmed: 6182158doi: 10.1128/jcm.16.3.473-477.1982google scholar: lookup
          13. Higgins WP, Gillespie SH, Schiff EI, Pennow NN, Tanneberger MJ. Infectivity and immunity studies in foals with cell culture-propagated equine rotaviruses. Equine Infectious Diseases V 1988;pp. 241–247.
          14. Hoshino Y, Wyatt RG, Greenberg HB, Kalica AR, Flores J, Kapikian AZ. Isolation, propagation, and characterization of a second equine rotavirus serotype.. Infect Immun 1983 Sep;41(3):1031-7.
            pmc: PMC264604pubmed: 6309657doi: 10.1128/iai.41.3.1031-1037.1983google scholar: lookup
          15. Hoshino Y, Wyatt RG, Greenberg HB, Flores J, Kapikian AZ. Serotypic similarity and diversity of rotaviruses of mammalian and avian origin as studied by plaque-reduction neutralization.. J Infect Dis 1984 May;149(5):694-702.
            pubmed: 6202807doi: 10.1093/infdis/149.5.694google scholar: lookup
          16. Imagawa H, Wada R, Kamada M, Kumanomido T, Fukunaga Y, Hirasawa K. Experimental infection of equine rotavirus in foals. Bull. Equine Res. Inst. 1984;21:65–71.
          17. Kalica AR, Greenberg HB, Wyatt RG, Flores J, Sereno MM, Kapikian AZ, Chanock RM. Genes of human (strain Wa) and bovine (strain UK) rotaviruses that code for neutralization and subgroup antigens.. Virology 1981 Jul 30;112(2):385-90.
            pubmed: 6266134doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(81)90285-3google scholar: lookup
          18. Kanitz CL. Identification of an equine rotavirus as a cause of neonatal foal diarrhoea. Proc. Am. Equine Practitioners Assoc. 22nd 1976;pp. 155–165.
          19. Lascelles AK. Role of the mammary gland and milk in immunology. Symp. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1977;Vol. 41:241–260.
          20. Macdougall DF, Dunlop EM. The metabolism of IgG(T) in the newborn foal.. Res Vet Sci 1974 Sep;17(2):260-2.
            pubmed: 4138607
          21. McGuire TC, Crawford TB. Passive immunity in the foal: measurement of immunoglobulin classes and specific antibody.. Am J Vet Res 1973 Oct;34(10):1299-303.
            pubmed: 4355952
          22. McLean B, Sonza S, Holmes IH. Measurement of immunoglobulin A, G, and M class rotavirus antibodies in serum and mucosal secretions.. J Clin Microbiol 1980 Sep;12(3):314-9.
            pmc: PMC273582pubmed: 6260831doi: 10.1128/jcm.12.3.314-319.1980google scholar: lookup
          23. McNulty MS, Logan EF. Effect of vaccination of the dam on rotavirus infection in young calves.. Vet Rec 1987 Mar 14;120(11):250-2.
            pubmed: 3033870doi: 10.1136/vr.120.11.250google scholar: lookup
          24. Mackow ER, Shaw RD, Matsui SM, Vo PT, Benfield DA, Greenberg HB. Characterization of homotypic and heterotypic VP7 neutralization sites of rhesus rotavirus.. Virology 1988 Aug;165(2):511-7.
            pubmed: 2457279doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(88)90595-8google scholar: lookup
          25. Mackow ER, Shaw RD, Matsui SM, Vo PT, Benfield DA, Greenberg HB. Characterization of homotypic and heterotypic VP7 neutralization sites of rhesus rotavirus.. Virology 1988 Aug;165(2):511-7.
            pubmed: 2457279doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(88)90595-8google scholar: lookup
          26. Montgomery PC, Khaleel SA, Kenney RM. Induction and characterization of equine secretory antibodies. Proc. Int. Conf. Equine Infectious Dis. 4th 1978;pp. 177–187.
          27. Pahud JJ, Mach JP. Equine secretory IgA and secretory component.. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 1972;42(2):175-86.
            pubmed: 4622991doi: 10.1159/000230604google scholar: lookup
          28. Reilly WJ, Macdougall DF. The metabolism of IgG in the newborn foal.. Res Vet Sci 1973 Jan;14(1):136-7.
            pubmed: 4707894
          29. Rouse BT, Ingram DG. The total protein and immunoglobulin profile of equine colostrum and milk.. Immunology 1970 Dec;19(6):901-7.
            pmc: PMC1455671pubmed: 4992198
          30. Saif LJ. Passive immunity to coronavirus and rotavirus infections in swine and cattle: enhancement by material vaccination. Infectious Diarrhoea in the Young 1985;pp. 456–467.
          31. Saif LJ, Bohl EH. Passive immunity to transmissible gastroenteritis virus: intramammary viral inoculation of sows.. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1983 Jun 30;409:708-23.
            pubmed: 6575719doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1983.tb26910.xgoogle scholar: lookup
          32. Shafren DR, Tannock GA, Roberts TK. Development and application of an ELISA technique for the detection of antibody to avian encephalomyelitis viruses.. Res Vet Sci 1989 Jan;46(1):95-9.
            pubmed: 2537994
          33. Shaw RD, Stoner-Ma DL, Estes MK, Greenberg HB. Specific enzyme-linked immunoassay for rotavirus serotypes 1 and 3.. J Clin Microbiol 1985 Aug;22(2):286-91.
            pmc: PMC268377pubmed: 2993354doi: 10.1128/jcm.22.2.286-291.1985google scholar: lookup
          34. Shaw RD, Vo PT, Offit PA, Coulson BS, Greenberg HB. Antigenic mapping of the surface proteins of rhesus rotavirus.. Virology 1986 Dec;155(2):434-51.
            pubmed: 2431540doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(86)90205-9google scholar: lookup
          35. Shaw RD, Fong KJ, Losonsky GA, Levine MM, Maldonado Y, Yolken R, Flores J, Kapikian AZ, Vo PT, Greenberg HB. Epitope-specific immune responses to rotavirus vaccination.. Gastroenterology 1987 Nov;93(5):941-50.
            pubmed: 2443417doi: 10.1016/0016-5085(87)90555-5google scholar: lookup
          36. Snodgrass DR. Evaluation of a combined rotavirus and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli vaccine in cattle.. Vet Rec 1986 Jul 12;119(2):39-42.
            pubmed: 3018989doi: 10.1136/vr.119.2.39google scholar: lookup
          37. Snodgrass DR, Ojeh CK, Campbell I, Herring AJ. Bovine rotavirus serotypes and their significance for immunization.. J Clin Microbiol 1984 Sep;20(3):342-6.
            pmc: PMC271326pubmed: 6092421doi: 10.1128/jcm.20.3.342-346.1984google scholar: lookup
          38. Snodgrass DR, Fitzgerald T, Campbell I, Scott FM, Browning GF, Miller DL, Herring AJ, Greenberg HB. Rotavirus serotypes 6 and 10 predominate in cattle.. J Clin Microbiol 1990 Mar;28(3):504-7.
            pmc: PMC269652pubmed: 2157736doi: 10.1128/jcm.28.3.504-507.1990google scholar: lookup
          39. Svennerholm AM, Hanson LA, Holmgren J, Lindblad BS, Nilsson B, Quereshi F. Different secretory immunoglobulin A antibody responses to cholera vaccination in Swedish and Pakistani women.. Infect Immun 1980 Nov;30(2):427-30.
            pmc: PMC551330pubmed: 7439987doi: 10.1128/iai.30.2.427-430.1980google scholar: lookup

          Citations

          This article has been cited 6 times.
          1. Snodgrass DR. Foal rotavirus - can we learn anything from calf scour?. Equine Vet Educ 1992 Oct;4(5):245-247.
            doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3292.1992.tb01630.xpubmed: 32313403google scholar: lookup
          2. Bailey KE, Gilkerson JR, Browning GF. Equine rotaviruses--current understanding and continuing challenges.. Vet Microbiol 2013 Nov 29;167(1-2):135-44.
            doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.07.010pubmed: 23932076google scholar: lookup
          3. Nemoto M, Tsunemitsu H, Murase H, Nambo Y, Sato S, Orita Y, Imagawa H, Bannai H, Tsujimura K, Yamanaka T, Matsumura T, Kondo T. Antibody response in vaccinated pregnant mares to recent G3BP[12] and G14P[12] equine rotaviruses.. Acta Vet Scand 2012 Nov 6;54(1):63.
            doi: 10.1186/1751-0147-54-63pubmed: 23130609google scholar: lookup
          4. Collins PJ, Cullinane A, Martella V, O'Shea H. Molecular characterization of equine rotavirus in Ireland.. J Clin Microbiol 2008 Oct;46(10):3346-54.
            doi: 10.1128/JCM.00995-08pubmed: 18716232google scholar: lookup
          5. Dwyer RM. Rotaviral diarrhea.. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 1993 Aug;9(2):311-9.
            doi: 10.1016/s0749-0739(17)30398-xpubmed: 8358646google scholar: lookup
          6. Dwyer RM. Progress in identifying the aetiologies of infectious foal diarrhoea.. Equine Vet J 1991 Nov;23(6):397-8.
            doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1991.tb03747.xpubmed: 1778153google scholar: lookup
          Subscribe to our newsletter
          Join 99,357 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.