Horse Y chromosome assembly displays unique evolutionary features and putative stallion fertility genes.
Abstract: Dynamic evolutionary processes and complex structure make the Y chromosome among the most diverse and least understood regions in mammalian genomes. Here, we present an annotated assembly of the male specific region of the horse Y chromosome (eMSY), representing the first comprehensive Y assembly in odd-toed ungulates. The eMSY comprises single-copy, equine specific multi-copy, PAR transposed, and novel ampliconic sequence classes. The eMSY gene density approaches that of autosomes with the highest number of retained X-Y gametologs recorded in eutherians, in addition to novel Y-born and transposed genes. Horse, donkey and mule testis RNAseq reveals several candidate genes for stallion fertility. A novel testis-expressed XY ampliconic sequence class, ETSTY7, is shared with the parasite Parascaris genome, providing evidence for eukaryotic horizontal transfer and inter-chromosomal mobility. Our study highlights the dynamic nature of the Y and provides a reference sequence for improved understanding of equine male development and fertility.
Publication Date: 2018-07-27 PubMed ID: 30054462PubMed Central: PMC6063916DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05290-6Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
- Research Support
- U.S. Gov't
- Non-P.H.S.
Summary
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In a nutshell, this research presents the first comprehensive assembly of the horse Y chromosome, highlighting its unique structure and evolution, and potential genes responsible for stallion fertility.
Objective of the Research
- The objective of this research was to explore and understand the structure, composition, and evolution of the horse Y chromosome. Furthermore, the study aimed to identify potential genes linked to stallion fertility through the analysis of testis RNA sequences in horses, donkeys, and mules.
Finding of the Research
- To understand the Y Chromosome, researchers assembled the male-specific region of the horse Y chromosome (eMSY). This research represents the first comprehensive assembly of the Y chromosome in odd-toed ungulates – a group of mammals that includes horses.
- The eMSY includes varied sequence classes such as single-copy, equine specific multiple-copy, PAR transposed (regions transposed from the pseudoautosomal region), and novel ampliconic (amplified and complex repeating units) sequences.
- Interestingly, eMSY’s gene density is similar to that of autosomes (non-sex chromosomes), featuring the highest record of retained X-Y gametologs (gene pairs originating from a common ancestral gene) in eutherians (placental mammals).
- The eMSY also includes novel Y-born genes and transposed genes, further emphasizing the Y chromosome’s dynamic nature.
Stallion Fertility Genes
- Through RNA sequencing of horse, donkey, and mule testis, researchers identified several candidate genes potentially contributing to stallion fertility. This enhances the understandings related to stallion fertility and could be beneficial for veterinary practices and breeding.
Inter-chromosomal Mobility and Horizontal Transfer
- A unique testis-expressed XY ampliconic sequence class called ETSTY7 has been discovered, which is shared with the parasite Parascaris genome. This evidences a possibility of eukaryotic horizontal gene transfer (a process that passes genetic information from one organism to another, not necessarily of the same species, bypassing typical reproduction) and inter-chromosomal mobility (movement of genetic material between chromosomes).
Conclusions
- The study illuminates the dynamic, complex characteristics of the Y chromosome in horses and provides valuable reference DNA sequences. It also contributes to the broader understanding of male equine development and fertility, potentially offering insight for the improvement of stallion fertility in the future.
Cite This Article
APA
Janečka JE, Davis BW, Ghosh S, Paria N, Das PJ, Orlando L, Schubert M, Nielsen MK, Stout TAE, Brashear W, Li G, Johnson CD, Metz RP, Zadjali AMA, Love CC, Varner DD, Bellott DW, Murphy WJ, Chowdhary BP, Raudsepp T.
(2018).
Horse Y chromosome assembly displays unique evolutionary features and putative stallion fertility genes.
Nat Commun, 9(1), 2945.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05290-6 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15282, USA.
- Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
- Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
- Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, TX, 75219, USA.
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig, Guwahati, Assam, 781131, India.
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, 1350K, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, 31000, Toulouse, France.
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, 1350K, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546-0099, USA.
- Utrecht University, 3512 JE, Utrecht, Netherlands.
- Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
- Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
- Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15282, USA.
- Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
- Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
- Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
- Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
- Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA. bchowdhary@uaeu.ac.ae.
- United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, 15551, UAE. bchowdhary@uaeu.ac.ae.
- Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA. traudsepp@cvm.tamu.edu.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Ascaridoidea / genetics
- Equidae / genetics
- Evolution, Molecular
- Fertility / genetics
- Gene Dosage / genetics
- Gene Transfer, Horizontal
- Horses / genetics
- Hybridization, Genetic
- Male
- Phylogeny
- Testis / metabolism
- X Chromosome / genetics
- Y Chromosome / genetics
Grant Funding
- DNRF94 / Danmarks Grundforskningsfond (Danish National Research Foundation)
- DNRF94 / Danmarks Grundforskningsfond (Danish National Research Foundation)
- ERC-CoG-2015-681605 / EC | European Research Council (ERC)
- ERC-CoG-2015-681605 / EC | European Research Council (ERC)
- 2012-67015-19632 / USDA | National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA)
- 2012-67015-19632 / USDA | National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA)
- 2012-67015-19632 / USDA | National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA)
- 2012-67015-19632 / USDA | National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA)
Conflict of Interest Statement
The authors declare no competing interests.
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