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Applied and environmental microbiology2005; 71(6); 3184-3191; doi: 10.1128/AEM.71.6.3184-3191.2005

Host distributions of uncultivated fecal Bacteroidales bacteria reveal genetic markers for fecal source identification.

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine host distribution patterns among fecal bacteria in the order Bacteroidales, with the goal of using endemic sequences as markers for fecal source identification in aquatic environments. We analyzed Bacteroidales 16S rRNA gene sequences from the feces of eight hosts: human, bovine, pig, horse, dog, cat, gull, and elk. Recovered sequences did not match database sequences, indicating high levels of uncultivated diversity. The analysis revealed both endemic and cosmopolitan distributions among the eight hosts. Ruminant, pig, and horse sequences tended to form host- or host group-specific clusters in a phylogenetic tree, while human, dog, cat, and gull sequences clustered together almost exclusively. Many of the human, dog, cat, and gull sequences fell within a large branch containing cultivated species from the genus Bacteroides. Most of the cultivated Bacteroides species had very close matches with multiple hosts and thus may not be useful targets for fecal source identification. A large branch containing cultivated members of the genus Prevotella included cloned sequences that were not closely related to cultivated Prevotella species. Most ruminant sequences formed clusters separate from the branches containing Bacteroides and Prevotella species. Host-specific sequences were identified for pigs and horses and were used to design PCR primers to identify pig and horse sources of fecal pollution in water. The primers successfully amplified fecal DNAs from their target hosts and did not amplify fecal DNAs from other species. Fecal bacteria endemic to the host species may result from evolution in different types of digestive systems.
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Publication Date: 2005-06-04 PubMed ID: 15933020PubMed Central: PMC1151806DOI: 10.1128/AEM.71.6.3184-3191.2005Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article is about the examination of patterns in host distribution among fecal bacteria, particularly Bacteroidales, to find genetic markers that can be used for detecting sources of fecal contamination in water.

Research Purpose and Methods

The scientists conducted thorough research to understand the patterns of host distribution among Bacteroidales bacteria. They used:

  • Fecal samples from eight different hosts – humans, cattle, pigs, horses, dogs, cats, gulls, and elks.
  • The 16S rRNA gene sequences from the Bacteroidales bacteria in these samples were analyzed.
  • Recovered sequences were compared with available database sequences to identify any new bacterial strains.

Key Findings

The research analysis resulted in several important findings:

  • The recovered sequences did not match any sequences in the database, revealing a high level of uncultivated diversity.
  • Different hosts showed different levels of endemic and cosmopolitan distribution of these bacteria.
  • Ruminants, pigs, and horse sequences usually formed host-specific clusters in a phylogenetic tree.
  • On the other hand, human, dog, cat, and gull sequences clustered together almost exclusively, indicating high similarity between these species.
  • Several sequences from humans, dogs, cats, and gulls were found within the large branch containing cultivated species from the Bacteroides genus.

Fecal Source Identification

The study’s crucial aspect is the potential use of these endemic sequences as markers to identify the fecal source in water pollution:

  • Many cultivated Bacteroides species had very close matches with numerous hosts and thus may not be viable markers for fecal source identification.
  • Sequences from the Prevotella genus included cloned sequences that weren’t closely related to cultivated Prevotella species.
  • Most ruminant sequences formed clusters separate from the branches containing Bacteroides and Prevotella species.
  • The researchers identified host-specific sequences in pigs and horses that could be used to design PCR primers for pig and horse fecal matter.
  • These primers were alert a scientist when pig and horse fecal DNAs are present in water and did not trigger a false positive for other species.
  • The presence of these bacteria that are endemic to a specific host species could be due to different evolution patterns in various digestive systems.

Cite This Article

APA
Dick LK, Bernhard AE, Brodeur TJ, Santo Domingo JW, Simpson JM, Walters SP, Field KG. (2005). Host distributions of uncultivated fecal Bacteroidales bacteria reveal genetic markers for fecal source identification. Appl Environ Microbiol, 71(6), 3184-3191. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.71.6.3184-3191.2005

Publication

Applied and environmental microbiology
ISSN: 0099-2240
NlmUniqueID: 7605801
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 71
Issue: 6
Pages: 3184-3191

Researcher Affiliations

Dick, Linda K
  • Department of Microbiology, 220 Nash Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA.
Bernhard, Anne E
    Brodeur, Timothy J
      Santo Domingo, Jorge W
        Simpson, Joyce M
          Walters, Sarah P
            Field, Katharine G

              MeSH Terms

              • Animals
              • Bacteroidetes / classification
              • Bacteroidetes / genetics
              • Bacteroidetes / growth & development
              • Bacteroidetes / isolation & purification
              • Cats
              • Cattle
              • DNA Primers
              • DNA, Bacterial / analysis
              • DNA, Ribosomal / analysis
              • Dogs
              • Feces / microbiology
              • Genetic Markers
              • Humans
              • Molecular Sequence Data
              • Phylogeny
              • RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / genetics
              • Sequence Analysis, DNA
              • Species Specificity
              • Water Pollutants / analysis

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