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Equine veterinary journal2020; 53(4); 826-833; doi: 10.1111/evj.13363

Humoral antibody response of 10 horses after vaccination against African horse sickness with an inactivated vaccine containing all 9 serotypes in one injection.

Abstract: African horse sickness (AHS) is a devastating viral disease of equids that was first recorded in 1327. Currently, prevention and control of the disease are based on attenuated vaccines and midge control. It has been shown that attenuated Orbivirus vaccines are not always safe as they may reverse to virulence. Objective: In the Emirate of Dubai, a vaccination experiment was carried out with an inactivated AHS vaccine produced at the Central Veterinary Research Laboratory (CVRL), Dubai, UAE to investigate the humoral antibody response of AHS-naïve horses to this vaccine. Our vaccination experiment was performed to establish an AHS vaccine bank in the UAE to protect horses from the disease in case of an outbreak. Therefore, CVRL established an inactivated AHS vaccine containing all nine serotypes which induce high neutralising antibodies. Methods: A total of 10 horses kept in a desert isolation area were subcutaneously and intramuscularly vaccinated with an inactivated vaccine containing all nine AHS serotypes previously isolated from Kenyan horse fatalities. Primary immunisation was followed by two booster immunisations 4 weeks and 6 months apart. After 13 months, an annual booster was administered. Methods: Blood samples were regularly withdrawn for ELISA and virus neutralisation testing. Additionally, EDTA blood was tested every second day for 14 days post each vaccination for the presence of AHS virus or its RNA. Results: Results show that ELISA and virus neutralising antibodies appeared after the first booster, declined after 4-6 months and therefore three vaccinations and an annual vaccination are necessary to achieve high protective virus neutralising antibodies. Conclusions: No challenge infection was carried out due to the lack of a safe facility in the UAE. Conclusions: Before more advanced AHS vaccines become a reality, inactivated vaccines containing all nine serotypes should be used as they produce high ELISA and neutralising antibodies.
© 2020 EVJ Ltd.
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Publication Date: 2020-10-29 PubMed ID: 33011979DOI: 10.1111/evj.13363Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article presents a study on the antibody response of horses to an inactivated vaccine against African Horse Sickness (AHS). The study uses a vaccine containing all nine serotypes and concludes that such vaccines generate high neutralising antibodies and are a viable preventative measure.

Objective and Background

  • The study was conducted in the Emirate of Dubai with the aim of investigating the humoral antibody response of AHS-naïve horses to an inactivated AHS vaccine.
  • The reason for this research was to create an AHS vaccine bank in the United Arab Emirates to protect horses from the disease during an outbreak.
  • The research was also conducted against the backdrop of the knowledge that attenuated Orbivirus vaccines can reverse into virulence, making them unsafe.

Methodology

  • 10 horses kept in a desert isolation area were used for the experiment.
  • The horses were vaccinated through subcutaneous and intramuscular injections with an inactivated vaccine that contains all nine AHS serotypes.
  • The primary immunisation was followed by two booster immunisations — at 4 weeks and then 6 months following the initial vaccination.
  • An annual booster was administered after 13 months.
  • Blood samples were regularly withdrawn from the horses for Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and virus neutralisation testing.
  • EDTA blood of the horses was tested every other day for a fortnight post each vaccination for the presence of AHS virus or its RNA.

Results

  • ELISA and virus neutralising antibodies began appearing after the first booster immunisation.
  • However, the antibodies declined after 4-6 months.
  • Therefore, the study recommends three vaccinations and an annual booster vaccination to maintain a high level of protective virus neutralising antibodies.

Conclusions

  • A challenge infection was not used in this research due to the lack of a safe facility in the United Arab Emirates.
  • Until more advanced AHS vaccines are developed, inactivated vaccines that contain all nine serotypes should be used since they yield high ELISA and neutralising antibodies.

Cite This Article

APA
Wernery U, Rodriguez M, Raghavan R, Syriac G, Miriam Thomas M S, Elizabeth SK, Federico Ronchi G, Muhammed R, Patteril NA, Joseph S. (2020). Humoral antibody response of 10 horses after vaccination against African horse sickness with an inactivated vaccine containing all 9 serotypes in one injection. Equine Vet J, 53(4), 826-833. https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.13363

Publication

Equine veterinary journal
ISSN: 2042-3306
NlmUniqueID: 0173320
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 53
Issue: 4
Pages: 826-833

Researcher Affiliations

Wernery, Ulrich
  • Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, UAE.
Rodriguez, Marina
  • Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, UAE.
Raghavan, Rekha
  • Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, UAE.
Syriac, Ginu
  • Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, UAE.
Miriam Thomas M, Shruti
  • Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, UAE.
Elizabeth, Shyna K
  • Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, UAE.
Federico Ronchi, Gaetano
  • Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale, dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Teramo, Italy.
Muhammed, Rubeena
  • Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, UAE.
Patteril, Nissy A
  • Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, UAE.
Joseph, Sunitha
  • Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, UAE.

MeSH Terms

  • African Horse Sickness / prevention & control
  • African Horse Sickness Virus
  • Animals
  • Antibodies, Neutralizing
  • Antibodies, Viral
  • Antibody Formation
  • Horse Diseases / prevention & control
  • Horses
  • Kenya
  • Serogroup
  • Vaccination / veterinary
  • Vaccines, Inactivated
  • Viral Vaccines

Grant Funding

  • Central Veterinary Research Laboratory (CVRL)

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Citations

This article has been cited 1 times.
  1. Clemmons EA, Alfson KJ, Dutton JW 3rd. Transboundary Animal Diseases, an Overview of 17 Diseases with Potential for Global Spread and Serious Consequences. Animals (Basel) 2021 Jul 8;11(7).
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