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Home / Equine Research Bank / Front Vet Sci / Hyaluronic Acid: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Trajec...
Frontiers in veterinary science2019; 6; 192; doi: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00192

Hyaluronic Acid: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Trajectory.

Abstract: Hyaluronic acid (also known as hyaluronan or hyaluronate) is naturally found in many tissues and fluids, but more abundantly in articular cartilage and synovial fluid (SF). Hyaluronic acid (HA) content varies widely in different joints and species. HA is a non-sulfated, naturally occurring non-protein glycosaminoglycan (GAG), with distinct physico-chemical properties, produced by synoviocytes, fibroblasts, and chondrocytes. HA has an important role in the biomechanics of normal SF, where it is partially responsible for lubrication and viscoelasticity of the SF. The concentration of HA and its molecular weight (MW) decline as osteoarthritis (OA) progresses with aging. For that reason, HA has been used for more than four decades in the treatment of OA in dogs, horses and humans. HA produces anti-arthritic effects via multiple mechanisms involving receptors, enzymes and other metabolic pathways. HA is also used in the treatment of ophthalmic, dermal, burns, wound repair, and other health conditions. The MW of HA appears to play a critical role in the formulation of the products used in the treatment of diseases. This review provides a mechanism-based rationale for the use of HA in some disease conditions with special reference to OA.
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Publication Date: 2019-06-25 PubMed ID: 31294035PubMed Central: PMC6603175DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00192Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research article discusses the role of Hyaluronic Acid (HA) in the body and its potential use in treating various diseases, particularly osteoarthritis.

Role and Presence of Hyaluronic Acid (HA)

  • Hyaluronic Acid (HA), also referred to as hyaluronan or hyaluronate, is a glycosaminoglycan or GAG that is present in many tissue types and fluids in the human body. HA is found in higher concentrations particularly in the synovial fluid (SF) and articular cartilage. The quantity of HA varies across different species and even among different joints within the same species.
  • HA is a component naturally produced by synoviocytes, chondrocytes, and fibroblasts. It has a unique physical and chemical nature due to its status as a naturally occurring, non-sulfated, non-protein GAG.
  • Primarily, HA contributes to the normal functioning of SF, particularly to its viscoelasticity and lubrication. These properties of synovial fluid ensure smooth joint functioning and effective load distribution during movement.

Hyaluronic Acid and Osteoarthritis (OA)

  • With aging and progression of osteoarthritis (OA), a common form of arthritis, the concentration and molecular weight of HA present in the joints decrease. This reduction in HA adversely affects the quality of synovial fluid, leading to pain and disability associated with OA.
  • Hyaluronic Acid has been a part of OA treatment plans for over four decades for not just humans, but also dogs and horses. It serves to provide anti-arthritic effects, countering the degeneration caused by OA.
  • The positive effects of HA in treating OA can be attributed to multiple mechanisms, mainly involving specific receptors and enzymes as well as metabolic pathways. The molecular weight of HA is a critical factor in determining the efficacy of treatment.

Therapeutic Uses of Hyaluronic Acid

  • Aside from treating OA, HA is also used in treating various health conditions such as burns, wound repair, and dermal issues. It is also employed in the treatment of ophthalmic conditions.
  • This study underscores the importance of studying the molecular mechanisms of HA in order to understand its therapeutic potential. The researchers emphasize the need for a thorough understanding of these mechanisms to better prescribe HA in treating certain diseases, especially osteoarthritis.

Cite This Article

APA
Gupta RC, Lall R, Srivastava A, Sinha A. (2019). Hyaluronic Acid: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Trajectory. Front Vet Sci, 6, 192. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2019.00192

Publication

Frontiers in veterinary science
ISSN: 2297-1769
NlmUniqueID: 101666658
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 6
Pages: 192

Researcher Affiliations

Gupta, Ramesh C
  • Toxicology Department, Breathitt Veterinary Center, Murray State University, Hopkinsville, KY, United States.
Lall, Rajiv
  • Vets Plus, Inc., Menomonie, WI, United States.
Srivastava, Ajay
  • Vets Plus, Inc., Menomonie, WI, United States.
Sinha, Anita
  • Vets Plus, Inc., Menomonie, WI, United States.

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