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Journal of veterinary internal medicine2022; 36(5); 1820-1826; doi: 10.1111/jvim.16522

Hyponatremia in horses with septic pneumopathy.

Abstract: Hyponatremia is common in horses with bacterial pleuropneumonia, but no further characterization of this abnormality has been reported. Objective: Describe admission plasma sodium concentration ([Na]) in horses with septic pneumopathy and evaluate any association of plasma [Na] with markers of systemic inflammation. Methods: Medical records of horses >1 month of age that between 2008 and 2021 had a transtracheal aspirate (TTA) performed, abnormal TTA cytology, positive TTA culture, pulmonary disease on ultrasonography, radiography or both, and plasma [Na] assessed by direct ion-selective-electrode (dISE). Horses with concurrent diarrhea or azotemia were excluded. Methods: Clinical and clinicopathological variables of interest between hypo- and normonatremic horses were compared. Spearman correlation and Fisher exact tests were used to identify significant associations (P < .05). Results: Twenty of 35 horses had hyponatremia (median, 132 mmol/L; 25-75th interquartile range [IQR], 129.7-133.1 mmol/L; reference range, 134.2-138.4 mmol/L). A higher proportion of horses with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) had hyponatremia (P = .01). Hyponatremic patients had higher mean plasma fibrinogen concentration (461 ± 160.5 mg/dL; P = .01) and higher rectal temperature (38.8 ± 0.7°C; P = .02) than normonatremic horses. Negative correlations were found between plasma [Na] and fibrinogen (P = .001; ρ = -0.57) concentrations and between plasma [Na] and rectal temperature (P = .001; ρ = -0.51). Presence or absence of pleural effusion did not influence severity of hyponatremia. Mean duration of hospitalization was longer (P = .04) in hyponatremic horses (9.8 ± 6.6 days). Conclusions: Hyponatremia at admission is associated with the presence of inflammation, SIRS, and with longer duration of hospitalization.
© 2022 The Authors. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.
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Publication Date: 2022-08-23 PubMed ID: 36054644PubMed Central: PMC9511076DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16522Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The study investigates how common low sodium levels (hyponatremia) is in horses suffering from bacterial lung infection (pleuropneumonia). It explores how this condition is linked to systemic inflammation and what impact it has on the horse’s health and recovery.

Study Purpose and Methodology

  • This research aimed to detail the plasma sodium concentration in horses afflicted with septic pneumopathy upon admission, assessing if there’s any correlation to the indicators of systemic inflammation.
  • The data used for the study was extracted from the medical records of horses, older than a month, treated between 2008 and 2021. All these horses underwent a transtracheal aspirate (TTA) procedure, showed abnormal TTA cytology, had positive TTA culture, and were diagnosed with pulmonary disease through ultrasonography, radiography, or both. Additionally, their plasma sodium levels were analyzed using a method called direct ion-selective-electrode.
  • Horses that were also suffering from diarrhea or azotemia were not considered for the study.
  • Clinical and clinicopathological variables of horses that had normal and low sodium levels were compared to draw observations.
  • Correlation and exact tests were used to determine significant associations, where p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Study Results

  • Out of the 35 horses considered, 20 had hyponatremia, with a median plasma sodium concentration of 132 mmol/L, which is below the reference range of 134.2-138.4 mmol/L.
  • A larger proportion of horses that were suffering from systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) exhibited hyponatremia.
  • Horses with hyponatremia had higher average plasma fibrinogen concentration and rectal temperature as compared to those with regular sodium levels.
  • Negative correlations were observed between plasma sodium level and fibrinogen and between plasma sodium level and rectal temperature.
  • The severity of hyponatremia was independent of the presence or absence of pleural effusion ( fluid around the lungs).
  • Horses with low sodium levels had longer hospital stays, with an average duration of 9.8 days.

Conclusions

  • The analysis concludes that horses with septic pneumopathy often experienced hyponatremia upon admission.
  • This low level of sodium is associated with systemic inflammation, presence of SIRS, and correlated with a prolonged hospital stay.

Cite This Article

APA
Migliorisi A, Barger A, Austin S, Foreman JH, Wilkins P. (2022). Hyponatremia in horses with septic pneumopathy. J Vet Intern Med, 36(5), 1820-1826. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.16522

Publication

Journal of veterinary internal medicine
ISSN: 1939-1676
NlmUniqueID: 8708660
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 36
Issue: 5
Pages: 1820-1826

Researcher Affiliations

Migliorisi, Alessandro
  • College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
Barger, Anne
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA.
Austin, Scott
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA.
Foreman, Jonathan H
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA.
Wilkins, Pamela
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Fibrinogen
  • Horse Diseases
  • Horses
  • Hyponatremia / complications
  • Hyponatremia / veterinary
  • Inflammation / complications
  • Inflammation / veterinary
  • Lung Diseases / complications
  • Lung Diseases / veterinary
  • Sodium
  • Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome / complications
  • Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome / veterinary

Conflict of Interest Statement

Authors declare no conflict of interest.

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