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Frontiers in veterinary science2023; 10; 1110019; doi: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1110019

Hypoxia signaling in the equine small intestine: Expression and distribution of hypoxia inducible factors during experimental ischemia.

Abstract: Hypoxia inducible factors (HIF) are widely researched in human medicine for their role in different disease processes. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression and distribution of HIF in experimental small intestinal ischemia in the horse. Unassigned: In 14 horses under general anesthesia, segmental jejunal ischemia with 90% reduction in blood flow was induced. The horses were randomly divided into two groups of seven horses, one subjected to ischemic postconditioning (IPoC) by delayed reperfusion, and a control group (group C) undergoing undelayed reperfusion. Intestinal samples were taken pre-ischemia, after ischemia and after reperfusion. Following immunohistochemical staining for HIF1α and -2α, the immunoreactivity pattern in the small intestine was evaluated by light microscopy, and the mucosal enterocyte and muscularis staining were semi-quantitatively scored. Additionally, mucosal HIF1α protein levels were determined by an Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), and mRNA levels of HIF1α and its target genes by a two-step real-time Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction. Statistical comparison was performed between the groups and time points using parametric and non-parametric tests (p < 0.05). Unassigned: All cell types exhibited cytoplasmic and nuclear immunoreactivity for HIF1α. After reperfusion, the cytoplasmic staining of the crypt and villus enterocytes as well as the villus nuclear staining significantly increased, whereas the perinuclear granules in the crypts decreased. The protein levels showed a significant decrease in group C at reperfusion, with lower HIF1α levels in group C compared to group IPoC during ischemia and reperfusion. No other group differences could be detected. In the HIF2α stained slides, mild to moderate cytoplasmic staining yet no nuclear immunoreactivity of the enterocytes was observed, and no significant changes over time were noted. Unassigned: the changes in HIF1α immunoreactivity pattern and expression over time suggest that this transcription factor plays a role in the intestinal response to ischemia in horses. However, the current study could not identify an effect of IPoC on HIF distribution or expression.
Copyright © 2023 Verhaar, de Buhr, von Köckritz-Blickwede, Dümmer, Hewicker-Trautwein, Pfarrer, Dengler and Kästner.
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Publication Date: 2023-02-24 PubMed ID: 36908508PubMed Central: PMC9998946DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1110019Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research investigates how hypoxia inducible factors (HIF), proteins that respond to low oxygen levels, are expressed and distributed in the small intestine of horses under experimental conditions of ischemia, a reduced blood flow. The results indicate that HIF1α, a type of HIF, might have a role in how the horse’s intestine reacts to ischemia, but the impact of a technique called ischemic postconditioning (IPoC) is unclear.

Introduction to the research

  • The research aimed to study the expression and distribution patterns of HIF in the context of small intestinal ischemia in horses. Ischemia refers to a condition that results from reduced blood supply to a particular body part.
  • The study was performed on a total of 14 horses which were subjected to general anesthesia. Their intestines were subjected to ischemia with a 90% reduction in blood flow.
  • These horses were segregated into two groups for experimentation – group C (control group) and a group subjected to IPoC by delayed reperfusion. Reperfusion means restoring the blood flow to the part of the body where blood supply was reduced or blocked.

Methodology and Results

  • Intestinal samples were collected pre-ischemia, post-ischemia, and post-reperfusion. The samples underwent immunohistochemical staining for HIF1α and HIF2α, and were analyzed under a light microscope.
  • The researchers found that all cell types exhibited a combination of cytoplasmic and nuclear immunoreactivity for HIF1α. Following reperfusion, the immunoreactivity patterns of specific enterocytes exhibit significant changes.
  • A significant decrease in the protein levels was evident in group C (control group) at reperfusion, and the HIF1α levels were found to be lower in comparison to the IPoC group during ischemia and reperfusion.
  • However, no significant changes over time were observed in HIF2α-stained slides, indicating its potential lesser role in the reaction to ischemia.

Conclusion

  • The study concludes that the observed alterations in the immunoreactivity pattern and expression of HIF1α over time suggest its role in the intestinal response to ischemia in horses.
  • Nevertheless, the research couldn’t identify any significant impact of IPoC on the distribution or expression of HIF.

The findings of this research taken in context with ongoing studies on HIF can potentially contribute to a better understanding of disease processes in humans and animals alike.

Cite This Article

APA
Verhaar N, de Buhr N, von Köckritz-Blickwede M, Dümmer K, Hewicker-Trautwein M, Pfarrer C, Dengler F, Kästner S. (2023). Hypoxia signaling in the equine small intestine: Expression and distribution of hypoxia inducible factors during experimental ischemia. Front Vet Sci, 10, 1110019. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1110019

Publication

Frontiers in veterinary science
ISSN: 2297-1769
NlmUniqueID: 101666658
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 10
Pages: 1110019

Researcher Affiliations

Verhaar, Nicole
  • Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
de Buhr, Nicole
  • Department of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
  • Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
von Köckritz-Blickwede, Maren
  • Department of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
  • Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
Dümmer, Katrin
  • Department of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
  • Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
Hewicker-Trautwein, Marion
  • Institute of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
Pfarrer, Christiane
  • Institute for Anatomy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
Dengler, Franziska
  • Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Kästner, Sabine
  • Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
  • Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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