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The Canadian veterinary journal = La revue veterinaire canadienne2025; 66(2); 138-142; doi: 10.22541/au.167425253.34506271/v1

Iatrogenic cecal perforation after abdominal drain placement on a horse.

Abstract: A 16-year-old, French saddlebred horse was referred for examination because of colic signs, diagnosed with incarceration of the jejunum in a mesoduodenic rent, and subsequently treated surgically (with an end-to-end anastomosis of the jejunum and an enterotomy of the pelvic flexure). The horse initially recovered without complications; however, on the following day, it exhibited moderate signs of endotoxemia and severe serosanguineous discharge from the abdominal wound. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed substantial peritoneal effusion, necessitating the placement of an abdominal drain. The blind drain insertion resulted in the drainage of a brown, malodorous liquid, identified as enteral fluid. Subsequently, the drain inadvertently penetrated the viscera, prompting immediate surgery. An embolectomy catheter was placed in the drain before induction, and the Fogarty catheter cuff was inflated as the horse was induced. The drain was carefully removed from the viscera, maintaining traction on the embolectomy catheter until a repeat laparotomy was done. Moderate contamination of the abdominal cavity occurred during the iatrogenic perforation of the cecum. The balloon catheter effectively sealed the breach in the cecum, demonstrating sufficient strength to pull on the viscera without causing tears. The abdominal cavity was lavaged with 80 L of Ringer's lactate, and another abdominal drain was placed. The horse recovered without further complications throughout the remainder of its hospitalization and returned to its intended use within 6 mo. Key clinical message: Abdominal drain placement carries the risk of complications, including enteric misplacement. Temporary occlusion of the defect is achievable using an embolectomy catheter pending surgery. Swift action in response to complications can help limit contamination of the abdominal cavity. Perforation caecale iatrogène après la mise en place d’un drain abdominal sur un chevalUn cheval de selle français de 16 ans a été référé pour examen en raison de signes de coliques, diagnostiqué d’une incarcération du jéjunum dans une déchirure mésoduodénique, et ensuite traité chirurgicalement (avec une anastomose termino-terminale du jéjunum et une entérotomie de la courbure pelvienne). Le cheval s’est d’abord rétabli sans complications; cependant, le lendemain, il a présenté des signes modérés d’endotoxémie et un écoulement séro-sanguignolant sévère de la plaie abdominale. L’échographie abdominale a révélé un épanchement péritonéal important, nécessitant la mise en place d’un drain abdominal. L’insertion du drain à l’aveugle a entraîné le drainage d’un liquide brun malodorant, identifié comme du liquide entérique. Par la suite, le drain a pénétré par inadvertance dans les viscères, ce qui a nécessité une intervention chirurgicale immédiate. Un cathéter d’embolectomie a été placé dans le drain avant l’induction et le manchon du cathéter de Fogarty a été gonflé pendant l’induction du cheval. Le drain a été soigneusement retiré des viscères, en maintenant la traction sur le cathéter d’embolectomie jusqu’à ce qu’une nouvelle laparotomie soit effectuée. Une contamination modérée de la cavité abdominale s’est produite pendant la perforation iatrogène du cæcum. Le cathéter à ballonnet a efficacement scellé la brèche dans le cæcum, démontrant une force suffisante pour tirer sur les viscères sans provoquer de déchirures. La cavité abdominale a été lavée avec 80 L de lactate de Ringer et un autre drain abdominal a été placé. Le cheval s’est rétabli sans autres complications pendant le reste de son hospitalisation et a repris son utilisation prévue dans les 6 mois.Message clinique clé :La mise en place d’un drain abdominal comporte un risque de complications, notamment de mauvais placement entérique. L’occlusion temporaire du défaut est réalisable à l’aide d’un cathéter d’embolectomie en attendant la chirurgie. Une action rapide en réponse aux complications peut aider à limiter la contamination de la cavité abdominale.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).
Publication Date: 2025-02-03 PubMed ID: 39898165PubMed Central: PMC11770612DOI: 10.22541/au.167425253.34506271/v1Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

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This research article discusses a case study of a 16-year-old horse suffering from colic signs that underwent surgery for incarceration of the jejunum in a mesoduodenic rent. After initial recovery, the horse displayed symptoms of endotoxemia and severe discharge from the surgical wound, which led to the placement of an abdominal drain. However, the drain inadvertently penetrated the horse’s organs, requiring immediate surgical intervention. This event resulted in moderate contamination of the abdominal cavity, which was then treated with a temporary occlusion using an embolectomy catheter and subsequent rinse of the cavity with 80 L of Ringer’s lactate.

Abdominal Issue and Initial Surgery

  • The horse was originally observed with signs of colic and was found to have its jejunum, part of the small intestine, trapped in a tear in the mesoduodenum, the membrane connecting the small intestine to the back wall of the abdomen.
  • Initial surgery was undertaken to handle this condition, involving the creation of a new connection between the ends of the jejunum and an incision in the pelvic bend of the large intestine.

Post Surgery Complications and Drain Placement

  • Post-surgery, the horse displayed symptoms of endotoxemia (a condition usually associated with the presence of bacteria in the blood) and had a severe mixed blood and clear liquid discharge from the abdominal wound. This was an indication of underlining complications.
  • Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a significant build-up of fluid in the peritoneum, indicating possible infection or injury, which necessitated the placement of an abdominal drain to evacuate the fluid.
  • The placement of the drain, though, led to further complications. The blind insertion and placement of the drain led to it unintentionally penetrating the horse’s cecum, population, part of the large intestine, resulting in the drainage of a foul-smelling brown fluid, typically indicating the presence of fecal material.

Surgical Intervention and Recovery

  • The accidental perforation of the cecum by the drain called for immediate surgical intervention. Prior to this, an embolectomy catheter (a tube typically used to remove clots from blood vessels) was placed in the drain. This catheter was then inflated as the horse was being prepared for surgery, possibly to help seal the perforation and prevent further leakage of intestinal contents into the abdominal cavity.
  • A repeat laparotomy, a surgical incision into the abdominal cavity, was performed to provide direct access to the organs and to remove the drain safely. During this process, the abdominal cavity endured mild contamination when the cecum was mistakenly punctured – an event referred to as ‘iatrogenic perforation’.
  • In response to this complication, a balloon catheter was used to effectively seal the puncture in the cecum, which demonstrated the strength to pull on the cecum without causing further tearing.
  • The abdominal cavity was then thoroughly cleaned (lavage) with a large amount of Ringer’s lactate solution, followed by the placement of a new abdominal drain. The horse managed to recover from this ordeal without subsequent complications and returned to normal use within six months.

Key Takeaways

  • This case highlights the potential complications, such as accidental enteric misplacement, that are associated with placement of abdominal drains in horses, particularly post-surgery.
  • The study also reveals the efficacy of using an embolectomy catheter as a temporary occlusion method when complications arise, pending immediate surgical response.
  • The incident underlines the importance of swift and decisive action in response to these serious surgical complications in order to limit the contamination of the abdominal cavity and ensure the patient’s (in this case, the horse’s) safety and recovery.

Cite This Article

APA
Maire U, Genton M, Vitte-Rossignol A. (2025). Iatrogenic cecal perforation after abdominal drain placement on a horse. Can Vet J, 66(2), 138-142. https://doi.org/10.22541/au.167425253.34506271/v1

Publication

ISSN: 0008-5286
NlmUniqueID: 0004653
Country: Canada
Language: English
Volume: 66
Issue: 2
Pages: 138-142

Researcher Affiliations

Maire, Ulrika
  • Clinique Vétérinaire de Grosbois, 46 Av. de Grosbois, 94440 Marolles en Brie, Boissy Saint-Léger, France.
Genton, Martin
  • Clinique Vétérinaire de Grosbois, 46 Av. de Grosbois, 94440 Marolles en Brie, Boissy Saint-Léger, France.
Vitte-Rossignol, Amelie
  • Clinique Vétérinaire de Grosbois, 46 Av. de Grosbois, 94440 Marolles en Brie, Boissy Saint-Léger, France.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Horses
  • Horse Diseases / surgery
  • Horse Diseases / etiology
  • Intestinal Perforation / veterinary
  • Intestinal Perforation / etiology
  • Intestinal Perforation / surgery
  • Drainage / veterinary
  • Drainage / adverse effects
  • Iatrogenic Disease / veterinary
  • Cecum / injuries
  • Cecum / surgery
  • Male

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