Identification and genomic characterization of emerging CRESS DNA viruses in thoroughbred horses in China.
Abstract: Multiple novel circular replication-associated protein (Rep)-encoding single stranded (CRESS) DNA viruses have been extensively identified in the feces of humans and animals. Here, we first detected CRESS DNA virus (named Horse-CRESS DNA-like virus, HCLV) in two fecal samples from 10 imported thoroughbred (TB) horses in the customs quarantine station in North Xinjiang province, China. Additionally, we found that this virus was not detected in local breeds (LBs) (0/41) and was found only in imported TB horses (2/73). We obtained the whole-genome sequences of four viruses (HCLV ALSK-3-4, ALSK-13-10, CJ-1-2, and CJ-13-1). Unlike Circovirus and Cyclovirus, whose genome sequences have 1700 to 2100 nucleotides (nt), these HCLVs have circular genome with 3503, 3504, 3485, 3491 nt, respectively and five major ORFs. The ORF1 gene encodes the Rep protein in HCLVs. Furthermore, the Rep protein of the four HCLVs share 23.3-84.8%, 21.6-27.4%, 23.7-27.2% amino acid identity with the corresponding reference viruses of Kirkoviruses, genus Circovirus, and genus Cyclovirus, respectively. Moreover, RCR domain, P-loop NTPase domains, and nonanucleotide motif (TAGTATTAC) of the HCLVs are similar to Circovirus and Cyclovirus. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the virus was grouped together with members in Kirkoviruses. These results suggest the HCLV probably entered Xinjiang province via the international trade of horses.
Publication Date: 2021-05-22 PubMed ID: 34021872PubMed Central: 8246913DOI: 10.1007/s11262-021-01845-wGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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The research found CRESS DNA viruses in domesticated thoroughbred horses imported to China, through stool samples. These viruses were not detected in local horse breeds, suggesting they were imported alongside the thoroughbreds.
Identifying CRESS DNA Viruses
- The research team detected CRESS DNA viruses, specifically a virus they’ve named Horse-CRESS DNA-like virus (HCLV), in the fecal samples of two imported thoroughbred horses.
- The samples were taken from a customs quarantine station in China where the horses were held.
- These HCLV viruses are circular replication-associated protein (Rep) encoding single stranded (CRESS) DNA viruses.
HCLV in Imported and Local Breeds
- Investigating the prevalence of these viruses, the researchers found that none of the local horse breeds tested showed signs of the virus (0 out of 41 local breeds).
- Meanwhile, two out of 73 imported thoroughbred horses were found to carry the HCLV.
Genomic Characteristics of HCLV
- The team managed to sequence the whole genome of four HCLV viruses.
- They found that the genomes of these viruses are significantly larger than those of Circovirus and Cyclovirus, which have genome sequences with 1700 to 2100 nucleotides (nt), with the HCLVs having genomes of around 3500 nt.
- The viruses have five major Open Reading Frames (ORFs), with the first of these (ORF1) encoding for the Rep protein.
- Similarities were found between the genomes of the HCLVs, Circovirus, and Cyclovirus, including shared amino acid identities and similar RCR domain, P-loop NTPase domains, and nonanucleotide motifs.
Origins of HCLV
- The paper suggests that these CRESS DNA viruses have likely been introduced to China through the international horse trade, given that they were only found in imported breeds and not in local ones.
- Phylogenetic analysis grouped the new virus with members of the Kirkoviruses suggesting a similar evolutionary origin.
Cite This Article
APA
Tong P, Ren M, Xu X, Song X, Zhang L, Kuang L, Xie J.
(2021).
Identification and genomic characterization of emerging CRESS DNA viruses in thoroughbred horses in China.
Virus Genes, 57(4), 390-394.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-021-01845-w Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Laboratory of Animal Etiology and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
- Laboratory of Animal Etiology and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
- Alashan Customs Technical Center, Alashan, Xinjiang, China.
- Laboratory of Animal Etiology and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
- Laboratory of Animal Etiology and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
- Laboratory of Animal Etiology and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
- Laboratory of Animal Etiology and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China. xiejinxin198683@163.com.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- China / epidemiology
- DNA Virus Infections / genetics
- DNA Virus Infections / veterinary
- DNA Virus Infections / virology
- DNA Viruses / genetics
- Genome, Viral / genetics
- Genomics
- Horse Diseases / genetics
- Horse Diseases / virology
- Horses / genetics
- Horses / virology
- Whole Genome Sequencing
Grant Funding
- 2019M653901XB / Project funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation
- 2020T130555 / Project funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation
- 32060808 / National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 2019D01A47 / The Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region
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Citations
This article has been cited 1 times.- Tong P, Deng H, Duan L, Ren M, Song X, Wang H, Gulimire D, Kuang L, Xie J. First detection of the occurrence and study of the genetic diversity of novel putative kirkoviruses in donkey in China. Virus Genes 2022 Apr;58(2):146-149.
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