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Viruses2020; 12(10); 1160; doi: 10.3390/v12101160

Identification of a New Equid Herpesvirus 1 DNA Polymerase (ORF30) Genotype with the Isolation of a C2254/H752 Strain in French Horses Showing no Major Impact on the Strain Behaviour.

Abstract: Equid herpesvirus 1 is one of the most common viral pathogens in the horse population and is associated with respiratory disease, abortion and still-birth, neonatal death and neurological disease. A single point mutation in the DNA polymerase gene (ORF30: A2254G, N752D) has been widely associated with neuropathogenicity of strains, although this association has not been exclusive. This study describes the fortuitous isolation of a strain carrying a new genotype C (H) from an outbreak in France that lasted several weeks in 2018 and involved 82 horses, two of which showed neurological signs of disease. The strain was characterised as U clade 10 using the equid herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) classification but has not been identified or isolated since 2018. The retrospective screening of EHV-1 strains collected between 2016 and 2018 did not reveal the presence of the C mutation. When cultured in vitro, the C EHV-1 strain induced a typical EHV-1 syncytium and cytopathic effect but no significant difference was observed when compared with A and G EHV-1 strains. An experimental infection was carried out on four Welsh mountain ponies to confirm the infectious nature of the C strain. A rapid onset of marked respiratory disease lasting at least 2 weeks, with significant virus shedding and cell-associated viraemia, was observed. Finally, an in vitro antiviral assay using impedance measurement and viral load quantification was performed with three antiviral molecules (ganciclovir (GCV), aciclovir (ACV) and aphidicolin (APD)) on the newly isolated C strain and two other A/G field strains. The three strains showed similar sensitivity to ganciclovir and aphidicolin but both C and A strains were more sensitive to aciclovir than the G strain, based on viral load measurement.
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Publication Date: 2020-10-13 PubMed ID: 33066315PubMed Central: PMC7650556DOI: 10.3390/v12101160Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article discusses the identification of a new genotype of Equid herpesvirus 1 in French horses without realizing any significant change in the strain behavior of the virus.

Understanding the Research

  • Equid herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1), a common viral pathogen among horses, is known to cause respiratory diseases, abortions, neonatal death, and neurological disorders. The study discusses a previously unknown genotype of EHV-1, named C (H), identified during an outbreak in France in 2018.
  • The C (H) strain was discovered after infecting 82 horses, two of which displayed signs of neurological illness. But, no subsequent sightings of this genotype have been reported since 2018.
  • The strain was grouped under the U clade 10, as per the multilocus sequence typing (MLST) classification for EHV-1. A ‘point mutation’ in the DNA polymerase gene (ORF30) often links to the neuropathogenicity (ability to cause neurological disease) of strains. However, the C(H) strain is an exception as no presence of this mutation was identified in the retrospective screening of EHV-1 strains collected between 2016 and 2018.

Further Investigation of C(H) Strain

  • The researchers adopted an experimental approach by infecting Welsh mountain ponies with the C (H) strain to further understand it. They found that it led to a rapid onset of severe respiratory disease that persisted for at least two weeks, along with significant virus shedding and cell-associated viremia (presence of virus in the bloodstream).
  • To help establish the behavior of this new strain, in vitro comparisons of the C EHV-1 strain initially showed no significant difference to the A and G strains. This was performed by observing the ‘syncytium’ (fusion of infected cells to form a large structure) and ‘cytopathic effect’ (structural changes in the host cells leading to cell damage).

Comparison of Antivirals Effects on Different Strains

  • Lastly, the researchers tested the sensitivity of the C strain, and two other A/G field strains, against three antiviral molecules using an in vitro antiviral assay. The molecules used were ganciclovir (GCV), aciclovir (ACV), and aphidicolin (APD).
  • The C, A, and G strains exhibited similar sensitivity levels towards ganciclovir and aphidicolin as per impedance measurement and viral load quantification. However, there was a noticeable difference when tested with aciclovir: both C and A strains were more sensitive than the G strain when measured based on viral load.

Cite This Article

APA
Sutton G, Thieulent C, Fortier C, Hue ES, Marcillaud-Pitel C, Pléau A, Deslis A, Guitton E, Paillot R, Pronost S. (2020). Identification of a New Equid Herpesvirus 1 DNA Polymerase (ORF30) Genotype with the Isolation of a C2254/H752 Strain in French Horses Showing no Major Impact on the Strain Behaviour. Viruses, 12(10), 1160. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12101160

Publication

Viruses
ISSN: 1999-4915
NlmUniqueID: 101509722
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 12
Issue: 10
PII: 1160

Researcher Affiliations

Sutton, Gabrielle
  • LABÉO Frank Duncombe, 14280 Saint-Contest, France.
  • BIOTARGEN, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, 14000 Caen, France.
Thieulent, Côme
  • LABÉO Frank Duncombe, 14280 Saint-Contest, France.
  • BIOTARGEN, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, 14000 Caen, France.
Fortier, Christine
  • LABÉO Frank Duncombe, 14280 Saint-Contest, France.
  • BIOTARGEN, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, 14000 Caen, France.
  • ImpedanCELL, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, 14280 Saint-Contest, France.
Hue, Erika S
  • LABÉO Frank Duncombe, 14280 Saint-Contest, France.
  • BIOTARGEN, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, 14000 Caen, France.
  • ImpedanCELL, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, 14280 Saint-Contest, France.
Marcillaud-Pitel, Christel
  • RESPE, 14280 Saint-Contest, France.
Pléau, Alexis
  • INRAE, UE-1277 Plateforme d'Infectiologie Expérimentale (PFIE), Centre de Recherche Val de Loire, 37380 Nouzilly, France.
Deslis, Alain
  • INRAE, UE-1277 Plateforme d'Infectiologie Expérimentale (PFIE), Centre de Recherche Val de Loire, 37380 Nouzilly, France.
Guitton, Edouard
  • INRAE, UE-1277 Plateforme d'Infectiologie Expérimentale (PFIE), Centre de Recherche Val de Loire, 37380 Nouzilly, France.
Paillot, Romain
  • LABÉO Frank Duncombe, 14280 Saint-Contest, France.
  • BIOTARGEN, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, 14000 Caen, France.
  • School of Equine and Veterinary Physiotherapy, Writtle University College, Lordship Road, Writtle, Chelmsford CM1 3RR, UK.
Pronost, Stéphane
  • LABÉO Frank Duncombe, 14280 Saint-Contest, France.
  • BIOTARGEN, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, 14000 Caen, France.
  • ImpedanCELL, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, 14280 Saint-Contest, France.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase / genetics
  • Disease Outbreaks / veterinary
  • France / epidemiology
  • Genotype
  • Herpesviridae Infections / veterinary
  • Herpesviridae Infections / virology
  • Herpesvirus 1, Equid / enzymology
  • Herpesvirus 1, Equid / genetics
  • Herpesvirus 1, Equid / pathogenicity
  • Horse Diseases / epidemiology
  • Horse Diseases / virology
  • Horses / virology
  • Male
  • Mutation
  • Open Reading Frames
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Viral Load
  • Viral Proteins / genetics

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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