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Home / Equine Research Bank / Ticks Tick Borne Dis / Identification of a non-host semiochemical from tick-resista...
Ticks and tick-borne diseases2019; 10(3); 621-627; doi: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2019.02.006

Identification of a non-host semiochemical from tick-resistant donkeys (Equus asinus) against Amblyomma sculptum ticks.

Abstract: Amblyomma sculptum is a tick affecting animal and human health across Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay and Brazil. Donkeys, Equus asinus, are known to be resistant to A. sculptum, suggesting that they can produce non-host tick semiochemicals (allomones), as already demonstrated for some other vertebrate host/pest interactions, whereas horses, Equus caballus, are considered as susceptible hosts. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that donkeys produce natural repellents against A. sculptum, by collecting sebum from donkeys and horses, collecting the odour from sebum extracts, and identifying donkey-specific volatile compounds by gas chromatography (GC) and coupled GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). From the complex collected blends, five main compounds were identified in both species. Hexanal, heptanal and (E)-2-decenal were found predominantly in donkey extracts, whilst ethyl octanoate and ethyl decanoate were found predominantly in horse extracts. One compound, (E)-2-octenal, was detected exclusively in donkey extracts. In Y-tube olfactometer bioassays 36 different A. sculptum nymphs were tested for each extract, compound and concentration. The dry sebum extracts and the compounds identified in both species induced neither attraction nor repellency. Only (E)-2-octenal, the donkey-specific compound, displayed repellency, with more nymphs preferring the arm containing the solvent control when the compound was presented in the test arm across four concentrations tested (p < 0.05, Chi-square test). A combination of a tick attractant (ammonia) and (E)-2-octenal at 0.25 M also resulted in preference for the control arm (p < 0.05, Chi-square test). The use of semiochemicals (allomones) identified from less-preferred hosts in tick management has been successful for repelling brown dog ticks, Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato from dog hosts. These results indicate that (E)-2-octenal could be used similarly to interfere in tick host location and be developed for use in reducing A. sculptum numbers on animal and human hosts.
Copyright © 2019 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
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Publication Date: 2019-02-16 PubMed ID: 30799282PubMed Central: PMC6446183DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2019.02.006Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research studied if donkeys produce natural repellents against Amblyomma sculptum ticks. The key finding in this study is that a chemical compound, (E)-2-octenal, unique to donkeys, exhibited a repellent effect on the ticks.

Introduction and Hypothesis

  • The main focus of this study was to investigate whether donkeys, which are resistant to the tick species Amblyomma sculptum, produce natural repellents against these ticks.
  • The researchers hypothesized that donkeys may produce such repellents, termed as ‘non-host tick semiochemicals’ or ‘allomones,’ just as some other vertebrate host/pest interactions have shown.

Methodology

  • Sebum, the oily secretion on the skin that attracts ticks, was collected from donkeys and horses (considered susceptible hosts) in this study.
  • The odour from these sebum extracts was then obtained and examined for donkey-specific volatile compounds using gas chromatography (GC) and coupled GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).
  • Five main compounds were identified in the sebum from both species, with hexanal, heptanal, and (E)-2-decenal predominantly found in donkey extracts and ethyl octanoate and ethyl decanoate predominating in horse extracts.
  • A unique compound, (E)-2-octenal, was detected exclusively in donkey extracts.

Results and Findings

  • The researchers conducted Y-tube olfactometer bioassays (experiments to test the response of organisms to chemical stimuli) on 36 A. sculptum nymphs (young ticks) for each of the identified extract, compound and concentration.
  • It was found that the sebum extracts and the common compounds did not induce any attraction or repellency on the nymphs. However, the donkey-specific compound, (E)-2-octenal, displayed repellency.
  • When presented with (E)-2-octenal, more nymphs preferred the arm of the Y-tube containing the solvent control. This repellent effect was consistent across four different tested concentrations, as determined statistically using a Chi-square test.
  • Combining (E)-2-octenal with ammonia (a known tick attractant) at a concentration of 0.25M also resulted in preference for the control arm, indicating a repellent effect of (E)-2-octenal.

Implications and Conclusion

  • This study underscores the potential use of semiochemicals like (E)-2-octenal, identified from less-preferred hosts, in managing tick populations.
  • Such semiochemicals have already demonstrated success in repelling the brown dog tick species from dogs.
  • Therefore, the study concludes that (E)-2-octenal could be developed to interfere with tick location on hosts and be utilized to reduce the number of A. sculptum ticks on both animal and human hosts.

Cite This Article

APA
Ferreira LL, Sarria ALF, de Oliveira Filho JG, de Silva FO, Powers SJ, Caulfield JC, Pickett JA, Birkett MA, Borges LMF. (2019). Identification of a non-host semiochemical from tick-resistant donkeys (Equus asinus) against Amblyomma sculptum ticks. Ticks Tick Borne Dis, 10(3), 621-627. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2019.02.006

Publication

Ticks and tick-borne diseases
ISSN: 1877-9603
NlmUniqueID: 101522599
Country: Netherlands
Language: English
Volume: 10
Issue: 3
Pages: 621-627
PII: S1877-959X(18)30414-X

Researcher Affiliations

Ferreira, Lorena Lopes
  • Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Campus Samambaia, Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Universitário, CEP: 74690-900, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. Electronic address: loren4_lopes@hotmail.com.
Sarria, André Lucio Franceschini
  • Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom. Electronic address: andre.sarria@rothamsted.ac.uk.
de Oliveira Filho, Jaires Gomes
  • Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Campus Samambaia, Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Universitário, CEP: 74690-900, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. Electronic address: jaires_filho@hotmail.com.
de Silva, Fernanda de Oliveira
  • Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Campus Samambaia, Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Universitário, CEP: 74690-900, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. Electronic address: oliveiras.fer@outlook.com.
Powers, Stephen J
  • Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom. Electronic address: stephen.powers@rothamsted.ac.uk.
Caulfield, John C
  • Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom. Electronic address: john.caulfield@rothamsted.ac.uk.
Pickett, John A
  • Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom. Electronic address: pickettj4@cardiff.ac.uk.
Birkett, Michael A
  • Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom. Electronic address: mike.birkett@rothamsted.ac.uk.
Borges, Lígia Miranda Ferreira
  • Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Rua 235 s/n, Setor Universitário, CEP: 74605050, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. Electronic address: borges.ligia@gmail.com.

MeSH Terms

  • Aldehydes / isolation & purification
  • Aldehydes / pharmacology
  • Alkenes / isolation & purification
  • Alkenes / pharmacology
  • Animals
  • Caprylates / isolation & purification
  • Caprylates / pharmacology
  • Chromatography, Gas
  • Decanoates / isolation & purification
  • Decanoates / pharmacology
  • Equidae / physiology
  • Female
  • Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
  • Horses / physiology
  • Insect Repellents / isolation & purification
  • Insect Repellents / pharmacology
  • Nymph / drug effects
  • Pheromones / isolation & purification
  • Pheromones / pharmacology
  • Rhipicephalus sanguineus / drug effects
  • Sebum / chemistry
  • Tick Infestations / prevention & control
  • Tick Infestations / veterinary

Grant Funding

  • Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council

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