Identification of abundant proteins and potential allergens in Culicoides nubeculosus salivary glands.
Abstract: IgE-mediated type 1 hypersensitivity reactions to the bites of insects are a common cause of skin disease in horses. Insect bite hypersensitivity (IBH) is most frequently associated with bites of Culicoides spp. and occurs in all parts of the world where horses and Culicoides coexist. The main allergens that cause IBH are probably some of the abundant proteins in the saliva of Culicoides associated with blood feeding. Western blots of Culicoides proteins separated by 1D gel-electrophoresis detected strong IgE responses in all horses with IBH to antigens in protein extracts from wild caught Culicoides, but only weak responses to salivary antigens from captive bred C. nubeculosus which may reflect important differences among allergens from different species of Culicoides or differences between thorax and salivary gland antigens. 2D electrophoresis and mass spectrometry were used to identify several of the abundant proteins in the saliva of C. nubeculosus. These included maltase, members of the D7 family, and several small, basic proteins associated with blood feeding. The most frequently detected IgE-binding proteins were in a group of proteins with pI>8.5 and mass 40-50kDa. Mass spectrometry identified two of these allergenic proteins as similar to hyaluronidase and a heavily glycosylated protein of unknown function that have previously been identified in salivary glands of C. sonorensis.
Publication Date: 2007-10-25 PubMed ID: 18068808DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2007.10.011Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This research focuses on studying hypersensitivity reactions in horses caused by the bite of insects, specifically the Culicoides species. The main causative factor for this condition, called Insect Bite Hypersensitivity (IBH), are the proteins in the insect’s saliva. The study aims to identify these allergenic proteins through Western blot analyses and mass spectrometry, and comes up with several potential culprits, including maltase, members of the D7 family, and a few other small proteins related to blood feeding.
Background:
- IgE-mediated type 1 hypersensitivity reactions, triggered by insect bites, are a prevalent skin problem in horses.
- The insect species Culicoides is mainly associated with triggering Insect Bite Hypersensitivity (IBH).
- This hypersensitivity can occur anywhere horses and Culicoides insects coexist.
- The likely culprits for the reaction are certain proteins in the insect’s saliva that get introduced to the horse’s system during a bite.
Methods:
- The research employed Western blot analyses to study the reactions in horses with IBH. The study used 1D gel-electrophoresis to separate the Culicoides proteins.
- The study observed the reactions in horses to the antigens in protein extracts from wild Culicoides compared to captive-bred C. nubeculosus. The more subdued reaction to the bred C. nubeculosus might indicate variations in allergens between different Culicoides species or between different parts of the same insect – namely its thorax and salivary gland.
- 2D electrophoresis and mass spectrometry identified several proteins in the saliva of the C. nubeculosus.
Results and Conclusion:
- Multiple proteins related to the saliva of the C. nubeculosus species were identified. These included maltase, members of the D7 family, and other small proteins associated with blood feeding.
- The most frequently detected IgE-binding proteins belonged to a group of proteins with a certain pI and mass range.
- Through mass spectrometry, two of these proteins were identified as being similar to hyaluronidase and a heavily glycosylated protein of unknown function, both previously discovered in other species of Culicoides.
- This research provides a deeper understanding of the protein-allergens linked to IBH in horses, which could prove beneficial in finding therapeutics and remedies for this widespread issue.
Cite This Article
APA
Wilson AD, Heesom KJ, Mawby WJ, Mellor PS, Russell CL.
(2007).
Identification of abundant proteins and potential allergens in Culicoides nubeculosus salivary glands.
Vet Immunol Immunopathol, 122(1-2), 94-103.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2007.10.011 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- University of Bristol, School of Clinical Veterinary Science, Langford House, Langford, Bristol BS40 5DU, UK. doug.wilson@bris.ac.uk
MeSH Terms
- Allergens / analysis
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Blotting, Western
- Ceratopogonidae / chemistry
- Ceratopogonidae / immunology
- Horse Diseases / immunology
- Horses
- Immunoglobulin E / blood
- Insect Bites and Stings / immunology
- Insect Bites and Stings / veterinary
- Insect Proteins / analysis
- Insect Proteins / chemistry
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Salivary Glands / chemistry
- Salivary Glands / immunology
Citations
This article has been cited 14 times.- Birras J, White SJ, Jonsdottir S, Novotny EN, Ziegler A, Wilson AD, Frey R, Torsteinsdottir S, Alcocer M, Marti E. First clinical expression of equine insect bite hypersensitivity is associated with co-sensitization to multiple Culicoides allergens.. PLoS One 2021;16(11):e0257819.
- Novotny EN, White SJ, Wilson AD, Stefánsdóttir SB, Tijhaar E, Jonsdóttir S, Frey R, Reiche D, Rose H, Rhyner C, Schüpbach-Regula G, Torsteinsdóttir S, Alcocer M, Marti E. Component-resolved microarray analysis of IgE sensitization profiles to Culicoides recombinant allergens in horses with insect bite hypersensitivity.. Allergy 2021 Apr;76(4):1147-1157.
- François L, Hoskens H, Velie BD, Stinckens A, Tinel S, Lamberigts C, Peeters L, Savelkoul HFJ, Tijhaar E, Lindgren G, Janssens S, Ducro BJ, Buys N, Schurink AA. Genomic Regions Associated with IgE Levels against Culicoides spp. Antigens in Three Horse Breeds.. Genes (Basel) 2019 Aug 8;10(8).
- Torsteinsdottir S, Scheidegger S, Baselgia S, Jonsdottir S, Svansson V, Björnsdottir S, Marti E. A prospective study on insect bite hypersensitivity in horses exported from Iceland into Switzerland.. Acta Vet Scand 2018 Nov 3;60(1):69.
- Sor-Suwan S, Jariyapan N, Roytrakul S, Paemanee A, Saeung A, Thongsahuan S, Phattanawiboon B, Bates PA, Poovorawan Y, Choochote W. Salivary gland proteome of the human malaria vector, Anopheles campestris-like (Diptera: Culicidae).. Parasitol Res 2013 Mar;112(3):1065-75.
- Rohoušová I, Subrahmanyam S, Volfová V, Mu J, Volf P, Valenzuela JG, Jochim RC. Salivary gland transcriptomes and proteomes of Phlebotomus tobbi and Phlebotomus sergenti, vectors of leishmaniasis.. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2012;6(5):e1660.
- Karim S, Singh P, Ribeiro JM. A deep insight into the sialotranscriptome of the gulf coast tick, Amblyomma maculatum.. PLoS One 2011;6(12):e28525.
- Chagas AC, Calvo E, Pimenta PF, Ribeiro JM. An insight into the sialome of Simulium guianense (DIPTERA:SIMulIIDAE), the main vector of River Blindness Disease in Brazil.. BMC Genomics 2011 Dec 19;12:612.
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- Darpel KE, Langner KF, Nimtz M, Anthony SJ, Brownlie J, Takamatsu HH, Mellor PS, Mertens PP. Saliva proteins of vector Culicoides modify structure and infectivity of bluetongue virus particles.. PLoS One 2011 Mar 14;6(3):e17545.
- Ribeiro JM, Mans BJ, Arcà B. An insight into the sialome of blood-feeding Nematocera.. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2010 Nov;40(11):767-84.
- Ribeiro JM, Valenzuela JG, Pham VM, Kleeman L, Barbian KD, Favreau AJ, Eaton DP, Aoki V, Hans-Filho G, Rivitti EA, Diaz LA. An insight into the sialotranscriptome of Simulium nigrimanum, a black fly associated with fogo selvagem in South America.. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2010 Jun;82(6):1060-75.
- Alves-Silva J, Ribeiro JM, Van Den Abbeele J, Attardo G, Hao Z, Haines LR, Soares MB, Berriman M, Aksoy S, Lehane MJ. An insight into the sialome of Glossina morsitans morsitans.. BMC Genomics 2010 Mar 30;11:213.
- Langner KF, Jarvis DL, Nimtz M, Heselhaus JE, McHolland LE, Leibold W, Drolet BS. Identification, expression and characterisation of a major salivary allergen (Cul s 1) of the biting midge Culicoides sonorensis relevant for summer eczema in horses.. Int J Parasitol 2009 Jan;39(2):243-50.
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