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Microbial genomics2020; 6(4); e000362; doi: 10.1099/mgen.0.000362

Identification of genes required for the fitness of Streptococcus equi subsp. equi in whole equine blood and hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: The availability of next-generation sequencing techniques provides an unprecedented opportunity for the assignment of gene function. subspecies is the causative agent of strangles in horses, one of the most prevalent and important diseases of equids worldwide. However, the live attenuated vaccines that are utilized to control this disease cause adverse reactions in some animals. Here, we employ transposon-directed insertion-site sequencing (TraDIS) to identify genes that are required for the fitness of in whole equine blood or in the presence of HO to model selective pressures exerted by the equine immune response during infection. We report the fitness values of 1503 and 1471 genes, representing 94.5 and 92.5 % of non-essential genes in , following incubation in whole blood and in the presence of HO, respectively. Of these genes, 36 and 15 were identified as being important to the fitness of in whole blood or HO, respectively, with 14 genes being important in both conditions. Allelic replacement mutants were generated to validate the fitness results. Our data identify genes that are important for to resist aspects of the immune response , which can be exploited for the development of safer live attenuated vaccines to prevent strangles.
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Publication Date: 2020-03-31 PubMed ID: 32228801PubMed Central: PMC7276704DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000362Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research uses advanced genetic sequencing techniques to study how certain genes affect the survival of Streptococcus equi subsp. equi, a bacteria causing strangles disease in horses, when exposed to horse blood or hydrogen peroxide. This knowledge could aid the development of new, safer vaccines for strangles.

Objective and Methodology

  • The research aimed to identify the genes necessary for Streptococcus equi subsp. equi’s survival in the context of the immune response that occurs during an infection, especially in horse blood or in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). H2O2 is a reactive molecule the body’s immune cells produce to kill bacteria.
  • The researchers used a technique called Transposon-directed Insertion-site Sequencing (TraDIS) to denote which genes were crucial for the bacteria’s survival under these conditions.

Findings

  • The analysis reported the fitness (situation-oriented effectiveness) values of 1503 genes when the bacteria was cultured in whole horse blood and 1471 genes when exposed to hydrogen peroxide. The genes analyzed represented 94.5% and 92.5% of all non-essential genes in Streptococcus equi subsp. equi.
  • Of all the genes studied, 36 were found crucial for the bacteria’s survival in the horse’s blood, and 15 were deemed critical when exposed to H2O2. Furthermore, 14 of these genes were necessary for survival in both conditions.
  • The researchers confirmed these findings by creating allelic replacement mutants — a genetic technique where one version (allele) of a gene is replaced by another, to observe if the gene’s function changes.

Conclusion and Implications

  • By identifying which genes are vital for Streptococcus equi subsp. equi to resist aspects of the immune response, this research paves the way for the development of safer, live attenuated vaccines for preventing strangles. Live vaccines contain a version of the microbe that has been modified so it can’t cause disease, but can still induce an immune response.

Cite This Article

APA
Charbonneau ARL, Taylor E, Mitchell CJ, Robinson C, Cain AK, Leigh JA, Maskell DJ, Waller AS. (2020). Identification of genes required for the fitness of Streptococcus equi subsp. equi in whole equine blood and hydrogen peroxide. Microb Genom, 6(4), e000362. https://doi.org/10.1099/mgen.0.000362

Publication

Microbial genomics
ISSN: 2057-5858
NlmUniqueID: 101671820
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 6
Issue: 4
PII: e000362

Researcher Affiliations

Charbonneau, Amelia R L
  • Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
  • Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Newmarket, Suffolk, UK.
Taylor, Emma
  • School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
  • Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Newmarket, Suffolk, UK.
Mitchell, Catriona J
  • Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Newmarket, Suffolk, UK.
Robinson, Carl
  • Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Newmarket, Suffolk, UK.
Cain, Amy K
  • Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
Leigh, James A
  • School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, UK.
Maskell, Duncan J
  • University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
  • Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Waller, Andrew S
  • Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Newmarket, Suffolk, UK.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Bacterial Proteins / genetics
  • Blood / microbiology
  • Genetic Fitness
  • High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
  • Horses
  • Hydrogen Peroxide / pharmacology
  • Mutagenesis, Site-Directed / veterinary
  • Sequence Analysis, DNA
  • Streptococcus / drug effects
  • Streptococcus / genetics
  • Streptococcus / growth & development

Grant Funding

  • Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.

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