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Home / Equine Research Bank / Parasitol Res / Identification of infection by Leishmania spp. in wild and d...
Parasitology research2023; 122(7); 1605-1619; doi: 10.1007/s00436-023-07862-y

Identification of infection by Leishmania spp. in wild and domestic animals in Brazil: a systematic review with meta-analysis (2001-2021).

Abstract: Leishmaniasis is a zoonosis caused by protozoan species of the genus Leishmania. It generates different clinical manifestations in humans and animals, and it infects multiple hosts. Leishmania parasites are transmitted by sandfly vectors. The main objective of this systematic review was to identify the host, or reservoir animal species, of Leishmania spp., with the exception of domestic dogs, that were recorded in Brazil. This review included identification of diagnostic methods, and the species of protozoan circulating in the country. For this purpose, a literature search was conducted across index journals. This study covered the period from 2001 to 2021, and 124 studies were selected. Eleven orders possible hosts were identified, including 229 mammalian species. Perissodactyla had the highest number of infected individuals (30.69%, 925/3014), with the highest occurrence in horses. In Brazil, the most commonly infected species were found to be: horses, domestic cats, rodents, and marsupials. Bats, that were infected by one or more protozoan species, were identified as potential reservoirs of Leishmania spp. Molecular tests were the most commonly used diagnostic methods (94 studies). Many studies have detected Leishmania spp. (n = 1422): Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum (n = 705), Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis (n = 319), and Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis (n = 141). Recognizing the species of animals involved in the epidemiology and biological cycle of the protozoan is important, as this allows for the identification of environmental biomarkers, knowledge of Leishmania species can improve the control zoonotic leishmaniasis.
© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
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Publication Date: 2023-05-08 PubMed ID: 37154922PubMed Central: 87763DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-07862-yGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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  • Meta-Analysis
  • Systematic Review
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article is a systematic review identifying the host animal species for Leishmania infection in Brazil (excluding domestic dogs) from 2001 to 2021. The study outlines the diagnostic methods used, the species of Leeds protozoan circulating in the country, and the importance of recognizing the species of animals in the epidemiology and biological cycle of the protozoan.

Overview of the Research

  • The primary focus of the study was to identify the host species for Leishmania, a genus of protozoans that causes leishmaniasis, in Brazil. This disease can manifest clinically in both humans and animals, and can infect several hosts at once.
  • The study’s scope stretched over two decades from 2001 to 2021, during which time protocols for disease diagnosis and treatment evolved significantly.
  • The review included an examination of the diagnostic techniques employed, as well as the specific species of Leishmania found in Brazil.

Key Findings

  • The examination of 124 selected studies allowed for the identification of eleven orders of potential host species, adding up to 229 different mammalian species.
  • The Perissodactyla order (which includes horses) had the highest number of infected individuals. Horses, domestic cats, rodents, and marsupials were especially found to be susceptible to Leishmania infection.
  • Many studies have detected Leishmania spp., including the Leishmania infantum, Leishmania braziliensis, and Leishmania amazonensis species.

Implications and Significance

  • Identifying these host species is crucial as it provides possible environmental biomarkers and enhances our understanding of the disease’s epidemiology and biological cycle.
  • The research underlines the importance of understanding the diversity of Leishmania species in Brazil, which can aid in the control of zoonotic leishmaniasis. Recognizing potential reservoirs and vectors can help to prevent the disease’s spread and institute effective control measures.

Cite This Article

APA
Ratzlaff FR, Osmari V, da Silva D, de Paula Vasconcellos JS, Pötter L, Fernandes FD, de Mello Filho JA, de Avila Botton S, Vogel FSF, Sangioni LA. (2023). Identification of infection by Leishmania spp. in wild and domestic animals in Brazil: a systematic review with meta-analysis (2001-2021). Parasitol Res, 122(7), 1605-1619. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-023-07862-y

Publication

Parasitology research
ISSN: 1432-1955
NlmUniqueID: 8703571
Country: Germany
Language: English
Volume: 122
Issue: 7
Pages: 1605-1619

Researcher Affiliations

Ratzlaff, Fabiana Raquel
  • Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias (LADOPAR), Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Rurais (CCR), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, N°1000, Prédio 63D, Bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, CEP 97105900, Brazil.
Osmari, Vanessa
  • Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias (LADOPAR), Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Rurais (CCR), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, N°1000, Prédio 63D, Bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, CEP 97105900, Brazil.
da Silva, Daniele
  • Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias (LADOPAR), Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Rurais (CCR), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, N°1000, Prédio 63D, Bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, CEP 97105900, Brazil.
de Paula Vasconcellos, Jaíne Soares
  • Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias (LADOPAR), Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Rurais (CCR), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, N°1000, Prédio 63D, Bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, CEP 97105900, Brazil.
Pötter, Luciana
  • Laboratório de Pastos e Suplementos, Departamento de Zootecnia, Centro de Ciências Rurais (CCR), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, N°1000, Bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, CEP 97105900, Brazil.
Fernandes, Fagner D'ambroso
  • Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias (LADOPAR), Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Rurais (CCR), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, N°1000, Prédio 63D, Bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, CEP 97105900, Brazil. fagner.fernandes@acad.ufsm.br.
  • Centro Universitário Ritter Dos Reis (UniRitter), Campus FAPA, Av. Manoel Elias, 2001 - Passo das Pedras, Porto Alegre, 91240-261, Brazil. fagner.fernandes@acad.ufsm.br.
de Mello Filho, José Américo
  • Laboratório de Análises Ambientais por Geoprocessamento (LAGEO), Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Centro de Ciências Rurais (CCR), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, N°1000, Prédio 44 J, Bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, CEP 97105-900, Brazil.
de Avila Botton, Sônia
  • Laboratório de Saúde Única (LASUS), Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Rurais (CCR), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, nº 1000, Prédio 44, Bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 97105-900, Brazil.
Vogel, Fernanda Silveira Flores
  • Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias (LADOPAR), Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Rurais (CCR), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, N°1000, Prédio 63D, Bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, CEP 97105900, Brazil.
Sangioni, Luís Antônio
  • Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias (LADOPAR), Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Rurais (CCR), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, N°1000, Prédio 63D, Bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, CEP 97105900, Brazil.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Humans
  • Dogs
  • Cats
  • Animals, Domestic
  • Brazil / epidemiology
  • Disease Reservoirs / veterinary
  • Disease Reservoirs / parasitology
  • Leishmaniasis / diagnosis
  • Leishmaniasis / epidemiology
  • Leishmaniasis / veterinary
  • Leishmania infantum
  • Leishmania braziliensis
  • Marsupialia / parasitology
  • Rodentia / parasitology
  • Chiroptera
  • Leishmaniasis, Visceral / epidemiology

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