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Ileal impaction in 245 horses: 1995-2007.

Abstract: The objective of this study was to identify parameters that would assist in determining the probability of a successful outcome with medical management versus surgical intervention in horses with ileal impaction. Medical records of 245 horses admitted for ileal impaction were reviewed and placed into 2 groups: medical (med) and surgical (sx) treatment. Persistence of abdominal pain, gastric reflux, frequency of analgesic administration, and 1-year survival were evaluated. There were no differences in signalment, abdominal pain, or heart rate among groups; however, significantly more sx horses had peritoneal fluid abnormalities (51%) and produced gastric reflux (62%) than did med horses (38% and 15%, respectively). Eighty-nine percent of med horses required repeated analgesic administration for successful resolution. One-year survival was 91% for sx horses and 92% for med horses. Horses with ileal impaction responsive to analgesic therapy with minimal gastric reflux are likely to be managed successfully with medical treatment. Horses with persistent abdominal pain and gastric reflux are candidates for surgery. Impaction iléale chez 245 chevaux: de 1995 à 2007. L’objectif de cette étude consistait à identifier des paramètres qui faciliteraient la détermination de la probabilité de succès pour la gestion médicale par opposition à l’intervention chirurgicale chez les chevaux présentant une impaction iléale. Les dossiers médicaux de 245 chevaux admis pour impaction iléale ont été examinés et répartis en deux groupes : traitement médical (med) et chirurgical (sx). La persistance de la douleur abdominale, le reflux gastrique, la fréquence de l’administration d’analgésiques et la survie après 1 an ont été évalués. Il n’y avait aucune différence au niveau du signalement, de la douleur abdominale ou de la fréquence cardiaque entre les groupes. Un nombre significativement supérieur de chevaux sx présentaient des anomalies du liquide péritonéal (51 %) et produisaient du reflux gastrique (62 %) par rapport aux chevaux med (38 % et 15 %, respectivement). Quatre-vingt-neuf pour cent des chevaux med ont exigé une administration répétée d’analgésiques pour une résolution réussie. La survie après un an était de 91 % pour les chevaux sx et de 92 % pour les chevaux med. Il est probable que les chevaux avec l’impaction iléale qui répondent à la thérapie analgésique avec un reflux gastrique minime puissent être gérés avec succès à l’aide du traitement médical. Les chevaux atteints de douleur abdominale persistante et de reflux gastrique sont des candidats à la chirurgie. (Traduit par Isabelle Vallières)
Publication Date: 2012-01-03 PubMed ID: 22210940PubMed Central: PMC3119239
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  • Comparative Study
  • Journal Article

Summary

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The research study investigated parameters that could help predict the success of medical or surgical management for horses with ileal impaction. The study found that horses with minimal gastric reflux responding to analgesic therapy could be managed effectively with medical treatment, whereas those with persistent abdominal pain and gastric reflux may be better candidates for surgery.

Research Purpose and Methodology

The aim of the research was to identify significant indicators that would aid in deciding the optimal treatment method for ileal impaction in horses. The ileum is part of the small intestine, and impaction refers to a blockage. When this occurs, it can cause severe abdominal pain, and it requires either medical or surgical management.

  • The research focused on the medical records of 245 horses admitted for this condition between 1995 and 2007.
  • The study divided the horses into two groups based on their treatment: medical (med) and surgical (sx).
  • The aspects evaluated included persistence of abdominal pain, gastric reflux, frequency of analgesic administration, and survival at 1 year.

Findings

The study found that there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of signalment (general information about the horse), abdominal pain, or heart rate.

  • However, more horses in the surgical group showed abnormalities in the peritoneal fluid (51%) and experienced gastric reflux (62%) as compared to horses in the medical group (38% and 15%, respectively).
  • A significant proportion (89%) of horses in the medical group required repeated analgesic administration to successfully resolve their condition.
  • Survival rates at 1 year were similar in both groups, with 91% for the surgical group and 92% for the medical group.

Implications

The key implications of these findings are:

  • Horses with ileal impaction who respond well to analgesic therapy and experience minimal gastric reflux can likely be successfully managed through medical treatment.
  • Horses showing persistent abdominal pain and gastric reflux may be better suited for surgical intervention.

This study helps to identify markers for making treatment decisions, thereby improving veterinary care, reducing unnecessary surgeries, and enhancing the welfare of horses with ileal impaction.

Cite This Article

APA
Fleming K, Mueller PO. (2012). Ileal impaction in 245 horses: 1995-2007. Can Vet J, 52(7), 759-763.

Publication

ISSN: 0008-5286
NlmUniqueID: 0004653
Country: Canada
Language: English
Volume: 52
Issue: 7
Pages: 759-763

Researcher Affiliations

Fleming, Kelly
  • Oklahoma Equine Hospital, 2652 Reece Lake Road, Washington, Oklahoma 73093, USA.
Mueller, P O Eric

    MeSH Terms

    • Analgesics / administration & dosage
    • Animals
    • Female
    • Gastroesophageal Reflux / epidemiology
    • Gastroesophageal Reflux / etiology
    • Gastroesophageal Reflux / veterinary
    • Horse Diseases / surgery
    • Horse Diseases / therapy
    • Horses
    • Ileal Diseases / surgery
    • Ileal Diseases / therapy
    • Ileal Diseases / veterinary
    • Intestinal Obstruction / surgery
    • Intestinal Obstruction / therapy
    • Intestinal Obstruction / veterinary
    • Male
    • Survival Analysis
    • Treatment Outcome

    References

    This article includes 12 references
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    Citations

    This article has been cited 4 times.
    1. Ruff J, Zetterstrom S, Boone L, Hofmeister E, Smith C, Epstein K, Blikslager A, Fogle C, Burke M. Retrospective analysis of postoperative complications following surgical treatment of ileal impaction in horses managed with manual decompression compared to jejunal enterotomy. Front Vet Sci 2023;10:1156678.
      doi: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1156678pubmed: 37180077google scholar: lookup
    2. Giusto G, Cerullo A, Labate F, Gandini M. Incomplete Ileocecal Bypass for Ileal Pathology in Horses: 21 Cases (2012-2019). Animals (Basel) 2021 Feb 5;11(2).
      doi: 10.3390/ani11020403pubmed: 33562529google scholar: lookup
    3. Gitari A, Nguhiu J, Varma V, Mogoa E. Occurrence, treatment protocols, and outcomes of colic in horses within Nairobi County, Kenya. Vet World 2017 Oct;10(10):1255-1263.
    4. Willette J, Guinn A, Munsterman A. Primary Jejunal Impactions Resolved via Exploratory Celiotomy in Six Horses: 2017-2023. Animals (Basel) 2025 Aug 12;15(16).
      doi: 10.3390/ani15162363pubmed: 40867692google scholar: lookup