Illumina sequencing of the V4 hypervariable region 16S rRNA gene reveals extensive changes in bacterial communities in the cecum following carbohydrate oral infusion and development of early-stage acute laminitis in the horse.
Abstract: In the equine carbohydrate overload model of acute laminitis, disease progression is associated with changes in bacteria found in the cecum. To date, research has focused on changes in specific Gram-positive bacteria in this portion of the intestinal tract. Metagenomic methods are now available making it possible to interrogate microbial communities using animal protocols that sufficiently power a study. In this study, the microbiota in cecal fluid collected from control, non-laminitic horses (n=8) and from horses with early-stage acute laminitis induced with either oligofructan (n=6) or cornstarch (n=6) were profiled. The microbiota were identified based on sequencing the V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene. The results of the study show that the relative abundance of Lactobacillus sp. and Streptococcus sp. increased significantly (p<0.05) following OF and CS infusion. Other significant changes included an increase (p<0.05) in relative abundance of Veillonella sp. and Serratia sp., two potentially pathogenic, Gram-negative bacteria. Significant decreases in the relative abundance of presumptive normal flora were detected as well. Although changes in cecal microbiota described in this communication are from a pilot study, it is hypothesized that an overgrowth of pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria develops and contributes to enterocolitis, pyrexia and lameness in the carbohydrate overload model of acute laminitis.
Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2013-11-26 PubMed ID: 24355533DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.11.017Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The study uses metagenomic methods to analyze changes in the bacterial communities found in a horse’s cecum after carbohydrate infusion and the development of early-stage acute laminitis. It was found that the relative abundance of certain Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria significantly increased, with decreases in normal flora, suggesting an overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria potentially contributing to enterocolitis, pyrexia, and lameness in laminitis induced by carbohydrate overload.
Study Design and Methodology
- Using the equine carbohydrate overload model of acute laminitis, the researchers investigated changes in bacterial communities within the cecum of horses.
- The horses were divided into groups, including control non-laminitic (8 horses), and laminitic induced with oligofructan (6 horses) or cornstarch (6 horses).
- Metagenomic methods were employed, sequencing the V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene from microbiota in cecal fluid taken from the horses in each group.
Key Findings
- An upsurge in the relative abundance of Gram-positive bacteria, specifically Lactobacillus sp. and Streptococcus sp., was observed after both oligofructan and cornstarch infusion.
- Increased prevalence of potentially harmful Gram-negative bacteria, specifically Veillonella sp. and Serratia sp., was also found.
- The study recorded substantial decreases in the relative abundance of assumed normal flora in the horse’s cecum.
Interpretations and Conclusions
- Changes in the bacterial communities in the cecum play a role in the progression of early-stage acute laminitis in horses.
- The study proposes that the excess of pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria might cause enterocolitis, pyrexia, and lameness seen in the carbohydrate overload model of acute laminitis. However, as this is a pilot study, further research is needed to validate this hypothesis.
- The research presents valuable initial data for exploring the microbial dynamics in the equine gut and highlights the potential risks of carbohydrate overload in horses.
Cite This Article
APA
Moreau MM, Eades SC, Reinemeyer CR, Fugaro MN, Onishi JC.
(2013).
Illumina sequencing of the V4 hypervariable region 16S rRNA gene reveals extensive changes in bacterial communities in the cecum following carbohydrate oral infusion and development of early-stage acute laminitis in the horse.
Vet Microbiol, 168(2-4), 436-441.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.11.017 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- RUCDR Infinite Biologics, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA. Electronic address: moreau@dls.rutgers.edu.
- Equine Health Studies Program, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
- East Tennessee Clinical Research, Inc., Rockwood, TN 37854, USA.
- Department of Equine Studies, Centenary College, Hackettstown, NJ 07840, USA.
- Rutgers Equine Science Center, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA. Electronic address: onishi@aesop.rutgers.edu.
MeSH Terms
- Acute Disease
- Animals
- Bacterial Infections / pathology
- Bacterial Infections / veterinary
- Cecum / microbiology
- Cecum / pathology
- Dietary Carbohydrates / pharmacology
- Foot Diseases / etiology
- Foot Diseases / pathology
- Foot Diseases / veterinary
- Genes, rRNA
- Horse Diseases / etiology
- Horse Diseases / microbiology
- Horse Diseases / pathology
- Horses
- Lactobacillus / genetics
- Lameness, Animal / etiology
- Lameness, Animal / microbiology
- Lameness, Animal / pathology
- Microbiota
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / genetics
- Serratia / genetics
- Streptococcus / classification
- Streptococcus / genetics
- Veillonella / genetics
Citations
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