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Home / Equine Research Bank / Vet Sci / Immune Activated Cellular Therapy for Drug Resistant Infecti...
Veterinary sciences2022; 9(11); 610; doi: 10.3390/vetsci9110610

Immune Activated Cellular Therapy for Drug Resistant Infections: Rationale, Mechanisms, and Implications for Veterinary Medicine.

Abstract: Antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation both present challenges to treatment of bacterial infections with conventional antibiotic therapy and serve as the impetus for development of improved therapeutic approaches. Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapy exerts an antimicrobial effect as demonstrated in multiple acute bacterial infection models. This effect can be enhanced by pre-conditioning the MSC with Toll or Nod-like receptor stimulation, termed activated cellular therapy (ACT). The purpose of this review is to summarize the current literature on mechanisms of antimicrobial activity of MSC with emphasis on enhanced effects through receptor agonism, and data supporting use of ACT in treatment of bacterial infections in veterinary species including dogs, cats, and horses with implications for further treatment applications. This review will advance the field's understanding of the use of activated antimicrobial cellular therapy to treat infection, including mechanisms of action and potential therapeutic applications.
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Publication Date: 2022-11-04 PubMed ID: 36356087PubMed Central: PMC9695672DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9110610Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research article discusses how Modified Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapy, otherwise known as Activated Cellular Therapy (ACT), can potentially tackle bacterial infections, particularly those resistant to traditional antibiotics. The paper detailed how ACT works, its effectiveness, and possible applications in veterinary medicine.

Antibiotic Resistance and Need for New Approaches

  • The study opens with a discussion on the challenges that antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation pose to traditional antibiotic treatments of bacterial infections. Bacterial resistance to antibiotics has become a significant issue in both human and veterinary medicine, necessitating the need for new and improved treatment strategies.

Introduction to MSC and ACT

  • The paper introduces Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapy which has been observed to have an antimicrobial impact on acute bacterial infection models. MSCs are multipotent stromal cells that can differentiate into a variety of cell types. In this context, MSC therapy involves the use of these cells to fight against bacterial infections.
  • The authors go further to explain how the antimicrobial effect of MSCs could be enhanced through pre-conditioning with Toll or Nod-like receptor stimulation, a process known as activated cellular therapy (ACT). In ACT, the MSCs are activated or “trained” to respond more effectively against bacteria.

Review of Literature on Antimicrobial Activity of MSCs and ACT

  • The researchers review previous studies that investigate the effectiveness of the antimicrobial activity of MSCs, with a particular focus on how receptor agonism can enhance this effect. Receptor agonism refers to the triggering of a response in a cell when a specific agonist (substance) binds to a receptor on the cell’s surface.
  • The authors also consider supporting data for the use of ACT as a viable treatment for bacterial infections in certain veterinary species, including dogs, cats, and horses. This part of the study establishes the potential for ACT as a viable adjunct or alternative to traditional antibiotics in veterinary medicine.

Conclusions and Future Implications

  • The study concludes by stating that a better understanding of the mechanisms and potential applications of activated antimicrobial cellular therapy could help in the treatment of resistant bacterial infections. It underscores the need for more research to enhance ACT’s workability, safety, and efficacy in veterinary medicine.

Cite This Article

APA
Pezzanite LM, Chow L, Strumpf A, Johnson V, Dow SW. (2022). Immune Activated Cellular Therapy for Drug Resistant Infections: Rationale, Mechanisms, and Implications for Veterinary Medicine. Vet Sci, 9(11), 610. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9110610

Publication

Veterinary sciences
ISSN: 2306-7381
NlmUniqueID: 101680127
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 9
Issue: 11
PII: 610

Researcher Affiliations

Pezzanite, Lynn M
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
Chow, Lyndah
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
Strumpf, Alyssa
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
Johnson, Valerie
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
Dow, Steven W
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
  • Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.

Grant Funding

  • N/A / Charles Shipley Family Foundation
  • N/A / Grayson Jockey Club Research Foundation
  • N/A / ACVS Zoetis Dual Training Grant
  • N/A / NIH/NCATS CTSA 5TL1TR002533-02
  • N/A / NIH 5T32OD010437-19
  • N/A / Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Colorado Denver

Conflict of Interest Statement

The co-authors declare commercial affiliations with Validus Cellular Therapeutics (S.D. co-founder) and eQcell Inc. (L.P., S.D. advisory board and stock options).

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