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Vaccine2012; 30(26); 3965-3974; doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.03.026

Immunogenicity and clinical protection against equine influenza by DNA vaccination of ponies.

Abstract: Equine influenza A (H3N8) virus infection is a leading cause of respiratory disease in horses, resulting in widespread morbidity and economic losses. As with influenza in other species, equine influenza strains continuously mutate, often requiring the development of new vaccines. Current inactivated (killed) vaccines, while efficacious, only offer limited protection against diverse subtypes and require frequent boosts. Research into new vaccine technologies, including gene-based vaccines, aims to increase the neutralization potency, breadth, and duration of protective immunity. Here, we demonstrate that a DNA vaccine expressing the hemagglutinin protein of equine H3N8 influenza virus generates homologous and heterologous immune responses, and protects against clinical disease and viral replication by homologous H3N8 virus in horses. Furthermore, we demonstrate that needle-free delivery is as efficient and effective as conventional parenteral injection using a needle and syringe. These findings suggest that DNA vaccines offer a safe, effective, and promising alternative approach for veterinary vaccines against equine influenza.
Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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Publication Date: 2012-03-23 PubMed ID: 22449425PubMed Central: PMC3474358DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.03.026Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research article examines the potential of a DNA vaccine in providing immunization against equine influenza A (H3N8) in horses. Results showed that this DNA vaccine, unlike inactivated (killed) vaccines, effectively generated both homologous and heterologous immune responses, offering significant protection from influenza symptoms and viral replication. Moreover, needle-free delivery proved just as efficient as traditional injection methods.

Equine Influenza and Vaccination Challenges

  • Equine influenza A, caused by the H3N8 virus subtype, is a severe respiratory disease affecting horses globally. This illness not only harms the equine population but also results in significant economic setbacks due to horse morbidity.
  • The constant mutation of these influenza strains often necessitates the formulation of new vaccines to ensure effective immunization.
  • The existing inactivated vaccines have their set of drawbacks. They provide short-term protection and are limited in their coverage against various subtypes. Therefore, regular vaccine boosters are required, which can be impractical and expensive.

New Vaccine Approach – Gene-based Vaccines

  • Researchers are exploring innovative vaccine technologies to overcome the limitations of inactivated vaccines. Gene-based or DNA vaccines are one such promising approach.
  • The researchers in this study developed a DNA vaccine that expresses the hemagglutinin protein of the H3N8 influenza virus. Hemagglutinin is a protein that allows the virus to enter the host’s cells, triggering an immune response.
  • The proposed DNA vaccine managed to generate both homologous responses (against identical strains of the infectious agent) and heterologous responses (against different strains), indicating a more significant protective immunization coverage.

Protective Immunity and Administration Methods

  • In trial conditions, the DNA vaccine successfully protected the test subjects from clinical influenza disease and minimized viral replication in those inflicted with a similar H3N8 virus strain.
  • The researchers also tested different delivery methods for the vaccine. They found that needle-free administration was equally efficient and effective as conventional needle injections. This opens up the potential for more humane and less stressful inoculation methods for horses.

Conclusions

  • The outcomes of this research suggest that DNA vaccines provide a safe, potent, and promising alternative to traditional inactivated vaccines in combating equine influenza.
  • This vaccine design not only offers broader protective immunity but also opens the door for exploring needle-free immunization techniques that could improve the overall vaccination experience for horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Ault A, Zajac AM, Kong WP, Gorres JP, Royals M, Wei CJ, Bao S, Yang ZY, Reedy SE, Sturgill TL, Page AE, Donofrio-Newman J, Adams AA, Balasuriya UB, Horohov DW, Chambers TM, Nabel GJ, Rao SS. (2012). Immunogenicity and clinical protection against equine influenza by DNA vaccination of ponies. Vaccine, 30(26), 3965-3974. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.03.026

Publication

Vaccine
ISSN: 1873-2518
NlmUniqueID: 8406899
Country: Netherlands
Language: English
Volume: 30
Issue: 26
Pages: 3965-3974

Researcher Affiliations

Ault, Alida
  • Vaccine Research Center (VRC), NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Zajac, Alyse M
    Kong, Wing-Pui
      Gorres, J Patrick
        Royals, Michael
          Wei, Chih-Jen
            Bao, Saran
              Yang, Zhi-yong
                Reedy, Stephanie E
                  Sturgill, Tracy L
                    Page, Allen E
                      Donofrio-Newman, Jennifer
                        Adams, Amanda A
                          Balasuriya, Udeni B R
                            Horohov, David W
                              Chambers, Thomas M
                                Nabel, Gary J
                                  Rao, Srinivas S

                                    MeSH Terms

                                    • Animals
                                    • Antibodies, Viral / blood
                                    • Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus / genetics
                                    • Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus / immunology
                                    • Horse Diseases / prevention & control
                                    • Horses
                                    • Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype / genetics
                                    • Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype / immunology
                                    • Influenza Vaccines / administration & dosage
                                    • Influenza Vaccines / adverse effects
                                    • Influenza Vaccines / isolation & purification
                                    • Mice
                                    • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / prevention & control
                                    • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / veterinary
                                    • Vaccination / adverse effects
                                    • Vaccination / methods
                                    • Vaccines, DNA / administration & dosage
                                    • Vaccines, DNA / adverse effects
                                    • Vaccines, DNA / immunology

                                    Grant Funding

                                    • ZIG AI005117-01 / Intramural NIH HHS

                                    Conflict of Interest Statement

                                    To fully disclose any potential conflicts of interest, authors Gary J. Nabel, Srinivas S. Rao, Wing-Pui Kong, and Chih-Jen Wei are each listed on a patent filing for our DNA vaccine technology, entitled “U.S. Continuation in Part Patent Application No. 12/838,292”, which is an adjunct to an existing patent entitled “Influenza DNA Vaccination and Methods of Use thereof”, Serial #61/023,341.

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