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Vaccines2021; 9(2); 166; doi: 10.3390/vaccines9020166

Immunogenicity of Calvenza-03 EIV/EHV® Vaccine in Horses: Comparative In Vivo Study.

Abstract: Equine influenza (EI) is a highly contagious acute respiratory disease of equines that is caused mainly by the H3N8 subtype of influenza A virus. Vaccinating horses against EI is the most effective strategy to prevent the infection. The current study aimed to compare the kinetics of EI-specific humoral- and cell-mediated immunity (CMI) in horses receiving either identical or mixed vaccinations. Two groups of horses were previously (six months prior) vaccinated with either Calvenza 03 EIV EHV (G1) or Fluvac Innovator (G2) vaccine. Subsequently, both groups received a booster single dose of Calvenza 03 EIV EHV. Immune responses were assessed after 10 weeks using single radial hemolysis (SRH), virus neutralization (VN), and EliSpot assays. Our results revealed that Calvenza-03 EIV/EHV-immunized horses had significantly higher protective EI-specific SRH antibodies and VN antibodies. Booster immunization with Calvenza-03 EIV/EHV vaccine significantly stimulated cell-mediated immune response as evidenced by significant increase in interferon-γ-secreting peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In conclusion, Calvenza-03 EIV/EHV vaccine can be safely and effectively used for booster immunization to elicit optimal long persisting humoral and CMI responses even if the horses were previously immunized with a heterogeneous vaccine.
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Publication Date: 2021-02-17 PubMed ID: 33671378PubMed Central: PMC7922102DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9020166Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research investigates the effectiveness of the Calvenza-03 EIV/EHV vaccine in horses, specifically against equine influenza. The results indicate that horses vaccinated with the Calvenza-03 vaccine developed significantly stronger immune responses even when they had been previously given different vaccines.

Objective of the Research

The researchers sought to investigate the effectiveness of the Calvenza-03 EIV/EHV vaccine against equine influenza (EI). They aimed to achieve this objective by comparing the immune responses in horses who either received this vaccine only, or those who were previously given a different vaccine before receiving a booster dose of Calvenza-03 vaccine.

Methodology of the Research

  • Two groups of horses, previously vaccinated (six months before) with either Calvenza 03 EIV EHV (G1) or Fluvac Innovator (G2) vaccine, were chosen for this study.
  • Both groups received a single booster dose of Calvenza 03 EIV EHV.
  • After 10 weeks, immune responses were assessed using single radial hemolysis (SRH), virus neutralization (VN), and EliSpot assays.

Results of the Research

  • Horses immunized with Calvenza-03 EIV/EHV had significantly higher EI-specific SRH antibodies and VN antibodies compared to those immunized with a different initial vaccine.
  • The booster immunization with the Calvenza-03 EIV/EHV vaccine significantly increased cell-mediated immune responses, evident by a significant rise in interferon-γ-secreting peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

Conclusion

It was concluded that the Calvenza-03 EIV/EHV vaccine is safe and effective to be used as a booster vaccine to stimulate effective, long-lasting humoral and cell-mediated immunity, even in horses previously given a different type of vaccine. This can potentially improve practices in the prevention and control of equine influenza.

Cite This Article

APA
Pavulraj S, Bergmann T, Trombetta CM, Marchi S, Montomoli E, Alami SSE, Ragni-Alunni R, Osterrieder N, Azab W. (2021). Immunogenicity of Calvenza-03 EIV/EHV® Vaccine in Horses: Comparative In Vivo Study. Vaccines (Basel), 9(2), 166. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9020166

Publication

Vaccines
ISSN: 2076-393X
NlmUniqueID: 101629355
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 9
Issue: 2
PII: 166

Researcher Affiliations

Pavulraj, Selvaraj
  • Institut für Virologie, Robert von Ostertag-Haus, Zentrum für Infektionsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
Bergmann, Tobias
  • Institut für Virologie, Robert von Ostertag-Haus, Zentrum für Infektionsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
Trombetta, Claudia Maria
  • Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.
Marchi, Serena
  • Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.
Montomoli, Emanuele
  • Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.
  • VisMederi srl, 53100 Siena, Italy.
Alami, Sidi Sefiane El
  • AL-REEF Stable, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 5151, United Arab Emirates.
Ragni-Alunni, Roberto
  • Equine Marketing Division, Boehringer Ingelheim META, Dubai P.O. Box 507066, United Arab Emirates.
Osterrieder, Nikolaus
  • Institut für Virologie, Robert von Ostertag-Haus, Zentrum für Infektionsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
  • Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong 999077, China.
Azab, Walid
  • Institut für Virologie, Robert von Ostertag-Haus, Zentrum für Infektionsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany.

Conflict of Interest Statement

At the time of trial R.R.A. was Marketing Manager at Boehringer Ingelheim META. R.R.A. designed the study and proceeded to the collection and shipment of the blinded samples to FU Berlin, he also contributed in the writing of the manuscript. The other authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 5 times.
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