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Developmental and comparative immunology2005; 30(1-2); 155-164; doi: 10.1016/j.dci.2005.06.008

Immunoglobulins and immunoglobulin genes of the horse.

Abstract: Antibodies of the horse were studied intensively by many notable immunologists throughout the past century until the early 1970's. After a large gap of interest in horse immunology, additional basic studies on horse immunoglobulin genes performed during the past 10 years have resulted in new insights into the equine humoral immune system. These include the characterization of the immunoglobulin lambda and kappa light chain genes, the immunoglobulin heavy chain constant (IGHC) gene regions, and initial studies regarding the heavy chain variable genes. Horses express predominately lambda light chains and seem to have a relatively restricted germline repertoire of both lambda and kappa chain variable genes. The IGHC region contains eleven constant heavy chain genes, seven of which are gamma heavy chain genes. It is suggested that all seven genes encoding IgG isotypes are expressed and have distinct functions in equine immune responses.
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Publication Date: 2005-07-28 PubMed ID: 16046236DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2005.06.008Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research paper explores the study of horse antibodies by immunologists that resumed over the past decade, which has resulted in new insights into the equine humoral immune system. The research includes the characterization of lambda and kappa light chain genes, heavy chain constant gene regions, and preliminary studies of heavy chain variable genes. It suggests that horses express mainly lambda light chains and have a limited repertoire of lambda and kappa chain variable genes.

Examination of Horse Antibodies

  • The horse’s immune system was initially studied by immunologists intensively throughout the last century until the early 1970’s. Due to a large gap in interest in horse immunology, these studies resumed over the past 10 years.
  • The resumption of studies on horse immunity has shed light on the equine humoral immune system, which is the part of the immune system that involves substances found in the humors, or body fluids.

Characterization of Lambda and Kappa Light Chain Genes

  • The study includes the characterization of the immunoglobulin lambda and kappa light chain genes.
  • Immunoglobulins are antibodies that play a vital role in the immune response. These antibodies can be divided into two types: light chains and heavy chains.
  • The research suggests that horses primarily express lambda light chains. This indicates that the horse’s immune response is majorly supported by these types of antibodies.
  • The research also finds that horses seem to have a relatively restricted germline repertoire of both lambda and kappa chain variable genes. A ‘germline repertoire’ refers to the variety of genes an organism’s germline cells (those that are passed on to progeny) contain for producing immunoglobulins.

Exploration of Heavy Chain Constant Gene Regions

  • Besides light chains, the study includes initial research on the immunoglobulin heavy chain constant (IGHC) gene regions.
  • The IGHC regions contain eleven constant heavy chain genes, seven of which are gamma heavy chain genes. These heavy chains also play an essential role in the horse immune response.

The Function of Genes Encoding IgG Isotypes

  • The study further suggests that all seven genes encoding for IgG isotypes (different forms of the gamma heavy chain immunoglobulins), are expressed in horses and take part in unique functions in equine immune responses.

Cite This Article

APA
Wagner B. (2005). Immunoglobulins and immunoglobulin genes of the horse. Dev Comp Immunol, 30(1-2), 155-164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dci.2005.06.008

Publication

Developmental and comparative immunology
ISSN: 0145-305X
NlmUniqueID: 7708205
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 30
Issue: 1-2
Pages: 155-164

Researcher Affiliations

Wagner, Bettina
  • Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. bw73@cornell.edu

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Gene Expression Regulation / immunology
  • Genes, Immunoglobulin
  • Horses / genetics
  • Horses / immunology
  • Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains / biosynthesis
  • Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains / genetics
  • Immunoglobulin Light Chains / biosynthesis
  • Immunoglobulin Light Chains / genetics

Citations

This article has been cited 24 times.
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