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Home / Equine Research Bank / Front Immunol / Immunological Insights in Equine Recurrent Uveitis.
Frontiers in immunology2021; 11; 609855; doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.609855

Immunological Insights in Equine Recurrent Uveitis.

Abstract: Horses worldwide suffer from equine recurrent uveitis (ERU), an organ-specific, immune-mediated disease with painful, remitting-relapsing inflammatory attacks alternating with periods of quiescence, which ultimately leads to blindness. In course of disease, both eyes can eventually be affected and since blind horses pose a threat to themselves and their surroundings, these animals have to be killed. Therefore, this disease is highly relevant for veterinary medicine. Additionally, ERU shows strong clinical and pathological resemblance to autoimmune uveitis in man. The exact cause for the onset of ERU is unclear to date. T cells are believed to be the main effector cells in this disease, as they overcome the blood retinal barrier to invade the eye, an organ physiologically devoid of peripheral immune cells. These cells cause severe intraocular inflammation, especially in their primary target, the retina. With every inflammatory episode, retinal degeneration increases until eyesight is completely lost. In ERU, T cells show an activated phenotype, with enhanced deformability and migration ability, which is reflected in the composition of their proteome and downstream interaction pathways even in quiescent stage of disease. Besides the dysregulation of adaptive immune cells, emerging evidence suggests that cells of the innate immune system may also directly contribute to ERU pathogenesis. As investigations in both the target organ and the periphery have rapidly evolved in recent years, giving new insights on pathogenesis-associated processes on cellular and molecular level, this review summarizes latest developments in ERU research.
Copyright © 2021 Degroote and Deeg.
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Publication Date: 2021-01-08 PubMed ID: 33488614PubMed Central: PMC7821741DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.609855Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

Equine recurrent uveitis (ERU) is a disease of horses that leads to blindness due to repeated episodes of eye inflammation. Research on ERU focuses on understanding its causes, specifically the ongoing role of T cells and other elements of the immune system, with the long-term goal of developing new approaches for treatment.

Overview of Equine Recurrent Uveitis

  • This research article deals with a disease in horses known as equine recurrent uveitis, or ERU. ERU is a serious issue with significant health implications for the animal. This recurrent inflammation of the interior of the eye can eventually lead to blindness. In severe cases, blind horses may need to be euthanized for their own safety and that of their surroundings.
  • The disease is particularly relevant in the field of veterinary medicine and offers parallels to human autoimmune uveitis, making it a potential study model for human diseases as well.

The Role of T Cells in ERU

  • The cause of ERU is not entirely understood, but T cells, a type of white blood cell that is critical for immune responses, appear to play a significant role. Physiologically, the eye is an immune-privileged organ, meaning it is generally protected from immune response. However, in ERU, T cells overcome this protection, infiltrating the eye and causing inflammation.
  • With every inflammatory attack, more damage is done to the retina, gradually leading to loss of vision. Notably, T cells in ERU cases demonstrate an activated state, exhibiting increased mobility and deformability. This state is observable even during periods of disease remission.

Investigating Other Aspects of Immune Involvement

  • The research manuscript also highlights the potential role of innate immune system cells in ERU. While the adaptive immune system, which includes T cells, reacts specifically to pathogens, the innate immune system provides a first, generalized line of defense. Recent evidence suggests that innate immune cells may also contribute to the pathological process in ERU.
  • New research techniques are accelerating our understanding of the disease process at both cellular and molecular levels. These advances provide a promising basis for progressing ERU research and developing new treatments in the future.

Cite This Article

APA
Degroote RL, Deeg CA. (2021). Immunological Insights in Equine Recurrent Uveitis. Front Immunol, 11, 609855. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.609855

Publication

Frontiers in immunology
ISSN: 1664-3224
NlmUniqueID: 101560960
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 11
Pages: 609855

Researcher Affiliations

Degroote, Roxane L
  • Chair of Physiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
Deeg, Cornelia A
  • Chair of Physiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.

MeSH Terms

  • Adaptive Immunity / immunology
  • Animals
  • Autoimmune Diseases / immunology
  • Horses / immunology
  • Humans
  • Immunity, Innate / immunology
  • Inflammation / immunology
  • Uveitis / immunology

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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Citations

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