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Tropical medicine and infectious disease2023; 8(1); 51; doi: 10.3390/tropicalmed8010051

Immunoprofiling of Equine Plasma against Deinagkistrodon acutus in Taiwan: Key to Understanding Differential Neutralization Potency in Immunized Horses.

Abstract: Snakebite envenoming is a public health issue linked to high mortality and morbidity rates worldwide. Although antivenom has been the mainstay treatment for envenomed victims receiving medical care, the diverse therapeutic efficacy of the produced antivenom is a major limitation. is a venomous snake that poses significant concern of risks to human life in Taiwan, and successful production of antivenom against envenoming remains a considerable challenge. Among groups of horses subjected to immunization schedules, few or none subsequently meet the quality required for further scale-up harvesting. The determinants underlying the variable immune responses of horses to venom are currently unknown. In this study, we assessed the immunoprofiles of high-potency and low-potency horse plasma against venom and explored the conspicuous differences between these two groups. Based on the results of liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), acutolysin A was identified as the major component of venom proteins that immunoreacted differentially with the two plasma samples. Our findings indicate underlying differences in antivenoms with variable neutralization efficacies, and may provide valuable insights for improvement of antivenom production in the future.
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Publication Date: 2023-01-09 PubMed ID: 36668958PubMed Central: PMC9866385DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8010051Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research involves analysis of the different immune responses in horses against the venom of the Deinagkistrodon acutus snake in Taiwan. The aim is to improve the quality and effectiveness of antivenom produced for treating snakebite envenoming, which results in significantly high mortality and morbidity rates worldwide.

Introduction and Background

  • Snakebite envenoming is identified as a significant public health issue across the globe, associated with high rates of mortality and morbidity. Therefore, the development of effective antivenom treatments is crucial.
  • The study focuses on venom from Deinagkistrodon acutus, a snake species in Taiwan that poses a significant threat to human lives. It’s noted that producing a successful antivenom against this snake’s venom remains a significant challenge.
  • Researchers have noted that only a small number or none of the immunized horses meet the required quality for large-scale harvesting (production) of antivenom. Hence, there is a need for robust research to understand the determinants of variable immune responses in these horses.

Aim and Methodology

  • The researchers aim to assess the immunoprofiles of horse plasma with different potency levels (high and low) against the venom of Deinagkistrodon acutus.
  • A key objective is to explore noticeable distinctions between these two potency groups. The research will aid in understanding different immune reactions and improve the efficacy of antivenom.
  • They use liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to identify the primary venom protein that reacts differentially to the two plasma samples.

Findings and Conclusions

  • Researchers identified acutolysin A as the venom’s main protein component, which showed an apparent differential immunoreaction in the plasma samples.
  • This finding highlights underlying differences in antivenoms and contributes to an understanding of the variations in neutralization efficacies.
  • The study concludes that such findings could provide essential insights for enhancing antivenom production in the future. Improving the quality and quantity of antivenom produced will aid in effectively treating victims subjected to snakebite envenoming.

Cite This Article

APA
Wu CJ, Liaw GW, Chen CK, Ouyang CH, Yang YX, Chu LC, Hsiao YC, Liu CH, Hsieh WC, Wang CY, Liou YS, Liu CC, Hsieh CH. (2023). Immunoprofiling of Equine Plasma against Deinagkistrodon acutus in Taiwan: Key to Understanding Differential Neutralization Potency in Immunized Horses. Trop Med Infect Dis, 8(1), 51. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8010051

Publication

Tropical medicine and infectious disease
ISSN: 2414-6366
NlmUniqueID: 101709042
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 8
Issue: 1
PII: 51

Researcher Affiliations

Wu, Cho-Ju
  • Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan.
Liaw, Geng-Wang
  • Department of Emergency Medicine, Yeezen General Hospital, Taoyuan 32645, Taiwan.
  • Master Program of Health Policy and Business Administration, College of Technology Management, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
Chen, Chun-Kuei
  • Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan.
  • College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
Ouyang, Chun-Hsiang
  • College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
  • Department of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan.
Yang, Yi-Xiu
  • College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
Chu, Li-Chieh
  • Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
  • Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan.
  • Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
Hsiao, Yung-Chin
  • Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
  • Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan.
  • Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
Liu, Chien-Hsin
  • Center for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centers for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei 11561, Taiwan.
Hsieh, Wen-Chin
  • Center for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centers for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei 11561, Taiwan.
Wang, Cyong-Yi
  • Center for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centers for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei 11561, Taiwan.
Liou, Yu-Syuan
  • Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
Liu, Chien-Chun
  • Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
Hsieh, Cheng-Hsien
  • Department of Emergency Medicine, En Chu Kong Hospital, New Taipei City 23741, Taiwan.
  • Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11042, Taiwan.

Grant Funding

  • 110-2314-B-182A-012 / Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
  • ECKH_W11003 / En Chu Kong Hospital, Taiwan
  • ECKH_W11106 / En Chu Kong Hospital, Taiwan
  • CMRPG3M0241 / Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
  • CMRPG3L1231 / Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 2 times.
  1. Liu CC, Chou YS, Yang YX, Hsiao YC, Chu LJ, Yang C, Yan Z, Peng R, Chao HY, Li MX, Wu CJ. Enhancing Deinagkistrodon acutus antivenom potency through acutolysin A-targeted antibody supplementation. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2025 Dec;19(12):e0013847.
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