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Home / Equine Research Bank / Vaccines (Basel) / Impact of Mixed Equine Influenza Vaccination on Correlate of...
Vaccines2018; 6(4); 71; doi: 10.3390/vaccines6040071

Impact of Mixed Equine Influenza Vaccination on Correlate of Protection in Horses.

Abstract: To evaluate the humoral immune response to mixed Equine Influenza vaccination, a common practice in the field, an experimental study was carried out on 42 unvaccinated thoroughbred weanling foals divided into six groups of seven. Three groups were vaccinated using a non-mixed protocol (Equilis Prequenza-Te, Proteqflu-Te or Calvenza-03) and three other groups were vaccinated using a mix of the three vaccines mentioned previously. Each weanling underwent a primary EI vaccination schedule composed of two primary immunisations (V1 and V2) four weeks apart followed by a third boost immunisation (V3) six months later. Antibody responses were monitored until one-year post-V3 by single radial haemolysis (SRH). The results showed similar antibody responses for all groups using mixed EI vaccination and the group exclusively vaccinated with Equilis Prequenza-TE, which were significantly higher than the other two groups vaccinated with Proteqflu-TE and Calvenza-03. All weanlings (100%) failed to seroconvert after V1 and 21% (9/42) still had low or no SRH antibody titres two weeks post-V2. All weanlings had seroconverted and exceeded the clinical protection threshold one month after V3. The poor response to vaccination was primarily observed in groups exclusively vaccinated with Proteqflu-Te and Calvenza-03. A large window of susceptibility (3⁻4.5-month duration) usually called immunity gap was observed after V2 and prior to V3 for all groups. The SRH antibody level was maintained above the clinical protection threshold for three months post-V3 for the groups exclusively vaccinated with Proteqflu-Te and Calvenza-03, and six months to one year for groups using mixed EI vaccination or exclusively vaccinated with Equilis Prequenza-Te. This study demonstrates for the first time that the mix of EI vaccines during the primary vaccination schedule has no detrimental impact on the correlate of protection against EIV infection.
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Publication Date: 2018-10-04 PubMed ID: 30287762PubMed Central: PMC6313876DOI: 10.3390/vaccines6040071Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research study investigated the impact of using mixed vaccines on the immunity levels against Equine Influenza (EI). The researchers found that using different mixes of vaccines does not affect the protection levels against EI, although there were variances in responses between the different types of vaccines used.

Study Design and Methodology

  • The experimental study involved 42 unvaccinated thoroughbred weanling foals, divided into six groups of seven.
  • Three groups were vaccinated using three different non-mixed vaccines: Equilis Prequenza-Te, Proteqflu-Te, or Calvenza-03. The other three groups were vaccinated using a mix of these three vaccines.
  • The primary EI vaccination schedule consisted of two primary immunizations four weeks apart, followed by a third boost immunization six months later.
  • Antibody responses were monitored up to one year post V3 (the third immunisation) using a method known as single radial haemolysis (SRH).

Key Findings

  • The study found similar antibody responses for all groups using mixed EI vaccination and the group exclusively vaccinated with Equilis Prequenza-TE. These responses were significantly higher than the other two groups vaccinated with Proteqflu-Te and Calvenza-03.
  • All the horses failed to seroconvert (develop a detectable level of antibodies) after V1 (first immunisation). After V2 (second immunisation) 21% of the horses still had low or no detectable antibodies.
  • All the foals developed antibodies one month after V3, reaching a level higher than the clinical protection threshold.
  • The poor vaccine response was predominantly seen in groups exclusively vaccinated with Proteqflu-Te and Calvenza-03.
  • A “window of susceptibility” was found after V2 and prior to V3 for all groups, during which the horses may not have full immunity against EI.
  • The necessary level of antibodies to ensure protection was maintained for three months after V3 in the groups exclusively vaccinated with Proteqflu-Te and Calvenza-03, and between six months to a year for the mixed vaccination groups and the group exclusively vaccinated with Equilis Prequenza-Te.

Implications

  • This study proves for the first time that the mixing of EI vaccines during the primary vaccination schedule has no negative effect on the protection against Equine Influenza Virus (EIV) infection.
  • The findings can inform best practices for equine healthcare and further our understanding of equine immunology.

Cite This Article

APA
Dilai M, Piro M, El Harrak M, Fougerolle S, Dehhaoui M, Dikrallah A, Legrand L, Paillot R, Fassi Fihri O. (2018). Impact of Mixed Equine Influenza Vaccination on Correlate of Protection in Horses. Vaccines (Basel), 6(4), 71. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines6040071

Publication

Vaccines
ISSN: 2076-393X
NlmUniqueID: 101629355
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 6
Issue: 4
PII: 71

Researcher Affiliations

Dilai, Mohamed
  • Department of Medicine, Surgery and Reproduction, Hassan II Institute for Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Rabat-Institutes 10101, Morocco. dilaimohamed.iav@gmail.com.
Piro, Mohammed
  • Department of Medicine, Surgery and Reproduction, Hassan II Institute for Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Rabat-Institutes 10101, Morocco. vetpiro@yahoo.fr.
El Harrak, Mehdi
  • M.C.I Animal Health-Lot 157, ZI South-West P.O. Box 278, Mohammedia 28810, Morocco. m.elharrak@mci-santeanimale.com.
Fougerolle, Stéphanie
  • Normandie Univ, UniCaen, Biotargen, 3 rue Nelson Mandela, 14280 Saint-Contest, France. stephanie.fougerolle@laboratoire-labeo.fr.
  • LABÉO Frank Duncombe, 1 route de Rosel, 14053 Caen CEDEX 4, France. stephanie.fougerolle@laboratoire-labeo.fr.
Dehhaoui, Mohammed
  • Department of Statistics and Applied Informatics, Agronomic and Veterinary Institute Hassan II, Rabat-Institutes 10101, Morocco. m.dehhaoui@iav.ac.ma.
Dikrallah, Asmaa
  • Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Contagious Diseases, Agronomic and Veterinary Institute Hassan II-B.P 6202 Rabat-Institutes, Rabat-Institutes 10101, Morocco. asmaa.dikrallah@gmail.com.
Legrand, Loïc
  • Normandie Univ, UniCaen, Biotargen, 3 rue Nelson Mandela, 14280 Saint-Contest, France. loic.legrand@laboratoire-labeo.fr.
  • LABÉO Frank Duncombe, 1 route de Rosel, 14053 Caen CEDEX 4, France. loic.legrand@laboratoire-labeo.fr.
Paillot, Romain
  • Normandie Univ, UniCaen, Biotargen, 3 rue Nelson Mandela, 14280 Saint-Contest, France. Romain.PAILLOT@laboratoire-labeo.fr.
  • LABÉO Frank Duncombe, 1 route de Rosel, 14053 Caen CEDEX 4, France. Romain.PAILLOT@laboratoire-labeo.fr.
Fassi Fihri, O꾪
  • Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Contagious Diseases, Agronomic and Veterinary Institute Hassan II-B.P 6202 Rabat-Institutes, Rabat-Institutes 10101, Morocco. fassifihri.o꾪@gmail.com.

Grant Funding

  • 1467 / The Royal Society of Horse Encouragement in Morocco (SOREC)

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this study.

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