FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 10000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Scientific reports2024; 14(1); 22877; doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-74486-2

In vitro characterization of radiofrequency ablation lesions in equine and swine myocardial tissue.

Abstract: Radiofrequency ablation is a promising technique for arrhythmia treatment in horses. Due to the thicker myocardial wall and higher blood flow in horses, it is unknown if conventional radiofrequency settings used in human medicine can be extrapolated to horses. The study aim is to describe the effect of ablation settings on lesion dimensions in equine myocardium. To study species dependent effects, results were compared to swine myocardium. Right ventricular and right and left atrial equine myocardium and right ventricular swine myocardium were suspended in a bath with circulating isotonic saline at 37 °C. The ablation catheter delivered radiofrequency energy at different-power-duration combinations with a contact force of 20 g. Lesion depth and width were measured and lesion volume was calculated. Higher power or longer duration of radiofrequency energy delivery increased lesion size significantly in the equine atrial myocardium and in equine and swine ventricular myocardium (P < 0.001). Mean lesion depth in equine atrial myocardium ranged from 2.9 to 5.5 mm with a diameter ranging from 6.9 to 10.1 mm. Lesion diameter was significantly larger in equine tissue compared to swine tissue (P = 0.020). Obtained data in combination with estimated wall thickness can improve lesion transmurality which might reduce arrhythmia recurrence. Optimal ablation settings may differ between species.
© 2024. The Author(s).
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2024-10-02 PubMed ID: 39358479DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-74486-2Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research investigates the effect of different radiofrequency ablation settings on lesion dimensions in horse heart tissue, in comparison to pig heart tissue. It suggests that the optimal settings for this type of arrhythmia treatment may differ between species due to physiological differences.

Objective and Methodology of the Study

  • The aim of this study was to assess the impact of radiofrequency ablation, a technique used for the treatment of arrhythmia, on heart tissue in horses.
  • The researchers examined the effect of various power-duration settings of radiofrequency energy delivery on the size of the ablation lesions in horse and pig heart tissue.
  • They used right ventricular and left and right atrial horse heart tissue, as well as right ventricular pig heart tissue for their experiment. The heart tissues were kept in a circulating saline bath at a temperature of 37°C.
  • The radiofrequency energy was supplied via an ablation catheter at a contact force of 20g.
  • The researchers then measured the lesion depth and width and calculated the volume, assessing the differences based on the various settings.

Findings of the Study

  • The results showed that increasing either the power or duration of the radiofrequency energy delivery significantly increased lesion size, both in the horse’s atrial heart tissue and in the ventricular heart tissue of horses and pigs.
  • The mean lesion depth in horse atrial tissue ranged from 2.9 to 5.5mm, with a diameter ranging from 6.9 to 10.1mm.
  • Furthermore, the study found that the lesion diameter was significantly larger in horse tissue compared to pig tissue. This implies that the optimal radiofrequency ablation settings could vary between different species due to distinctive physical properties.

Implications of the Findings

  • The findings from this study could help indeveloping an effective treatment for arrhythmia in horses by optimizing the radiofrequency ablation settings.
  • Understanding the variation in lesion size based on different settings and species could also result in more effective control of the radiofrequency ablation process, thereby reducing the recurrence of arrhythmia.
  • This research could further broaden current knowledge about the application of radiofrequency ablation treatment across various species, potentially improving its efficiency and outcomes in veterinary medicine.

Cite This Article

APA
Buschmann E, Van Steenkiste G, Duytschaever M, Segers P, Ibrahim L, van Loon G, Decloedt A. (2024). In vitro characterization of radiofrequency ablation lesions in equine and swine myocardial tissue. Sci Rep, 14(1), 22877. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-74486-2

Publication

Scientific reports
ISSN: 2045-2322
NlmUniqueID: 101563288
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 14
Issue: 1
Pages: 22877

Researcher Affiliations

Buschmann, Eva
  • Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Equine Cardioteam Ghent University, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium. eva.buschmann@ugent.be.
Van Steenkiste, Glenn
  • Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Equine Cardioteam Ghent University, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
Duytschaever, Mattias
  • Department of Cardiology, AZ Sint-Jan, Bruges, Belgium.
Segers, Patrick
  • Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Ibrahim, Lara
  • Department of Morphology, Imaging, Orthopedics, Rehabilitation and Nutrition, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
van Loon, Gunther
  • Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Equine Cardioteam Ghent University, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
Decloedt, Annelies
  • Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Equine Cardioteam Ghent University, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Horses
  • Swine
  • Myocardium / pathology
  • Catheter Ablation / methods
  • Heart Atria / physiopathology
  • Heart Atria / surgery
  • Heart Atria / pathology
  • Heart Ventricles / pathology
  • Heart Ventricles / physiopathology
  • Radiofrequency Ablation / methods

Grant Funding

  • 1SE9122N / Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek

References

This article includes 50 references
  1. Buschmann E. Three-dimensional electro-anatomical mapping and radiofrequency ablation as a novel treatment for atrioventricular accessory pathway in a horse: a case report. J. Vet. Intern. Med. 37, 728–734 (2023).
    doi: 10.1111/jvim.16668google scholar: lookup
  2. Van Steenkiste G. Detection of the origin of atrial tachycardia by 3D electro-anatomical mapping and treatment by radiofrequency catheter ablation in horses. J. Vet. Intern. Med. 36, 1481–1490 (2022).
    doi: 10.1111/jvim.16473google scholar: lookup
  3. Issa ZM, Zipes JM. DP. Clinical Arrhythmology and Electrophysiology Ch. Ablation Energy Sources 206–237 (Elsevier, 2019).
  4. Kowalski M. Histopathologic characterization of chronic Radiofrequency ablation lesions for pulmonary vein isolation. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 59, 930–938 (2012).
    doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2011.09.076google scholar: lookup
  5. Hindricks G. ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. Eur Heart J 42 (2021).
    doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa798google scholar: lookup
  6. Borne RT. Longer Duration Versus increasing Power during Radiofrequency ablation yields different ablation lesion characteristics. JACC Clin. Electrophysiol. 4, 902–908 (2018).
    doi: 10.1016/j.jacep.2018.03.020google scholar: lookup
  7. Bhaskaran A. Circuit Impedance could be a crucial factor influencing Radiofrequency ablation efficacy and safety: a myocardial Phantom Study of the Problem and its correction. J. Cardiovasc. Electr. 27, 351–357 (2016).
    doi: 10.1111/jce.12893google scholar: lookup
  8. Barkagan M. High-power and short-duration ablation for pulmonary vein isolation: safety, efficacy, and long-term durability. J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol. 29, 1287–1296 (2018).
    doi: 10.1111/jce.13651google scholar: lookup
  9. Wittkampf FH, Hauer RN, de Robles EO. Control of radiofrequency lesion size by power regulation. Circulation 80, 962–968 (1989).
    doi: 10.1161/01.cir.80.4.962google scholar: lookup
  10. Nath S, Haines DE. Biophysics and Pathology of Catheter Energy Delivery systems. Prog Cardiovasc. Dis. 37, 185–204 (1995).
    doi: 10.1016/S0033-0620(05)80006-4google scholar: lookup
  11. Haines DE. Determinants of lesion size during radiofrequency catheter ablation: the role of electrode-tissue contact pressure and duration of energy delivery. J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol. 2, 509–515 (1991).
    doi: 10.1111/j.1540-8167.1991.tb01353.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  12. Neuzil P. Electrical reconnection after pulmonary vein isolation is contingent on Contact Force during initial treatment results from the EFFICAS I study. Circulation-Arrhythmia Electrophysiol. 6, 327–333 (2013).
    doi: 10.1161/Circep.113.000374google scholar: lookup
  13. Shah DC. Area under the real-time contact force curve (force-Time integral) predicts Radiofrequency Lesion size in an in vitro contractile model. J. Cardiovasc. Electr. 21, 1038–1043 (2010).
    doi: 10.1111/j.1540-8167.2010.01750.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  14. Mulder MJ, Kemme MJB, Allaart CP. Radiofrequency ablation to achieve durable pulmonary vein isolation. Europace 24, 874–886 (2022).
    doi: 10.1093/europace/e꬧9google scholar: lookup
  15. Buschmann E. Successful caudal vena cava and pulmonary vein isolation in healthy horses using 3D electro-anatomical mapping and a contact force-guided ablation system. Equine Vet. J. (2023).
    doi: 10.1111/evj.14037google scholar: lookup
  16. Falasconi G. Personalized pulmonary vein antrum isolation guided by left atrial wall thickness for persistent atrial fibrillation. Europace (2023).
    doi: 10.1093/europace/e광8google scholar: lookup
  17. Mulder MJ. Impact of local left atrial wall thickness on the incidence of acute pulmonary vein reconnection after Ablation Index-guided atrial fibrillation ablation. Ijc Heart Vasc 29 (2020).
    doi: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2020.100574google scholar: lookup
  18. Inoue J, Skanes AC, Gula LJ, Drangova M. Effect of Left Atrial Wall Thickness on Radiofrequency ablation success. J. Cardiovasc. Electr. 27, 1298–1303 (2016).
    doi: 10.1111/jce.13065google scholar: lookup
  19. Teres C. Personalized paroxysmal atrial fibrillation ablation by tailoring ablation index to the left atrial wall thickness: the ‘Ablate by-LAW’ single-centre study-a pilot study. Europace 24, 390–399 (2022).
    doi: 10.1093/europace/eꬡ6google scholar: lookup
  20. Ibrahim L, Buschmann E, van Loon G, Cornillie P. Morphological evidence of a potential arrhythmogenic substrate in the caudal and cranial vena cava in horses. Equine Vet. J. (2024).
    doi: 10.1111/evj.14075google scholar: lookup
  21. Sapp JL. Deep myocardial ablation lesions can be created with a retractable needle-tipped catheter. Pacing Clin. Electrophysiol. 27, 594–599 (2004).
    doi: 10.1111/j.1540-8159.2004.00492.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  22. Berte B. Irrigated needle ablation creates larger and more transmural ventricular lesions compared with standard unipolar ablation in an ovine model. Circ. Arrhythm. Electrophysiol. 8, 1498–1506 (2015).
    doi: 10.1161/CIRCEP.115.002963google scholar: lookup
  23. Futyma P. Bipolar ablation of refractory atrial and ventricular arrhythmias: importance of temperature values of intracardiac return electrodes. J. Cardiovasc. Electr. 30, 1718–1726 (2019).
    doi: 10.1111/jce.14025google scholar: lookup
  24. Futyma P, Głuszczyk CK, Sander R, Futyma J, Kułakowski M. Bipolar ablation of refractory atrial and ventricular arrhythmias: importance of temperature values of intracardiac return electrodes. J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol. 30, 1717–1726 (2019).
    doi: 10.1111/jce.14025google scholar: lookup
  25. Sandhu A, Nguyen DT. Forging ahead: update on radiofrequency ablation technology and techniques. J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol. 31, 360–369 (2020).
    doi: 10.1111/jce.14317google scholar: lookup
  26. Dukkipati SR. Intramural Needle Ablation for refractory premature ventricular contractions. Circ. Arrhythm. Electrophysiol. 15, e010020 (2022).
    doi: 10.1161/CIRCEP.121.010020google scholar: lookup
  27. Leshem E. High-power and short-duration ablation for pulmonary vein isolation: Biophysical characterization. JACC Clin. Electrophysiol. 4, 467–479 (2018).
    doi: 10.1016/j.jacep.2017.11.018google scholar: lookup
  28. Qiu J, Wang Y, Wang DW, Hu M, Chen G. Update on high-power short-duration ablation for pulmonary vein isolation. J. Cardiovasc. Electr. 31, 2499–2508 (2020).
    doi: 10.1111/jce.14649google scholar: lookup
  29. Lee AC. A Randomized Trial of High vs Standard Power Radiofrequency Ablation for pulmonary vein isolation: SHORT-AF. JACC Clin. Electrophysiol. 9, 1038–1047 (2023).
    doi: 10.1016/j.jacep.2022.12.020google scholar: lookup
  30. Ravi V. High-power short duration vs. conventional radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Europace 23, 710–721 (2021).
    doi: 10.1093/europace/eꨲ7google scholar: lookup
  31. Bhaskaran A. Five seconds of 50–60 W radio frequency atrial ablations were transmural and safe: an in vitro mechanistic assessment and force-controlled in vivo validation. Europace 19, 874–880 (2017).
    doi: 10.1093/europace/euw077google scholar: lookup
  32. Bourier F. High-power short-duration versus standard radiofrequency ablation: insights on lesion metrics. J. Cardiovasc. Electr. 29, 1570–1575 (2018).
    doi: 10.1111/jce.13724google scholar: lookup
  33. Di Biase L, Diaz JC, Zhang XD, Romero J. Pulsed field catheter ablation in atrial fibrillation. Trends Cardiovasc. Med. 32, 378–387 (2022).
    doi: 10.1016/j.tcm.2021.07.006google scholar: lookup
  34. Shtembari J. Efficacy and Safety of Pulsed Field Ablation in Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review. J. Clin. Med. 12 (2023).
    doi: 10.3390/jcm12020719google scholar: lookup
  35. De Asmundis C, Chierchia GB. Pulsed field ablation: have we finally found the holy grail?. Europace 23, 1691–1692 (2021).
    doi: 10.1093/europace/eꬖ9google scholar: lookup
  36. Chinitz JS, Michaud GF, Stephenson K. Impedance-guided Radiofrequency ablation: using impedance to improve ablation outcomes. J. Innov. Card Rhythm Manag. 8, 2868–2873 (2017).
    doi: 10.19102/icrm.2017.081003google scholar: lookup
  37. Avitall B, Mughal K, Hare J, Helms R, Krum D. The effects of electrode-tissue contact on radiofrequency lesion generation. Pace 20, 2899–2910 (1997).
    doi: 10.1111/j.1540-8159.1997.tb05458.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  38. Ikeda A. Relationship between Catheter Contact Force and Radiofrequency Lesion size and incidence of Steam Pop in the beating Canine Heart Electrogram Amplitude, Impedance, and Electrode Temperature are poor predictors of Electrode-Tissue Contact Force and lesion size. Circulation-Arrhythmia Electrophysiol. 7, 1174–1180 (2014).
    doi: 10.1161/Circep.113.001094google scholar: lookup
  39. Chinitz JS. Sites with small impedance decrease during catheter ablation for Atrial Fibrillation are Associated with Recovery of Pulmonary Vein Conduction. J. Cardiovasc. Electr. 27, 1390–1398 (2016).
    doi: 10.1111/jce.13095google scholar: lookup
  40. Tungjitkusolmun S. Guidelines for predicting lesion size at common endocardial locations during radio-frequency ablation. Ieee T Bio-Med Eng. 48, 194–201 (2001).
    doi: 10.1109/10.909640google scholar: lookup
  41. Petersen HH, Chen X, Pietersen A, Svendsen JH, Haunso S. Lesion dimensions during temperature-controlled radiofrequency catheter ablation of left ventricular porcine myocardium - impact of ablation site, electrode size, and convective cooling. Circulation 99, 319–325 (1999).
    doi: 10.1161/01.Cir.99.2.319google scholar: lookup
  42. Petersen HH, Chen X, Pietersen A, Svendsen JH, Haunso S. Lesion size in relation to ablation site during radiofrequency ablation. Pace 21, 322–326 (1998).
    doi: 10.1111/j.1540-8159.1998.tb01114.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  43. Lacko CS. Development of a clinically relevant ex vivo model of cardiac ablation for testing of ablation catheters. J. Cardiovasc. Electr. 34, 682–692 (2023).
    doi: 10.1111/jce.15768google scholar: lookup
  44. Münkler P. Local impedance guides catheter ablation in patients with ventricular tachycardia. J. Cardiovasc. Electr. 31, 61–69 (2020).
    doi: 10.1111/jce.14269google scholar: lookup
  45. Jacobson JT. Tissue-specific variability in human epicardial impedance. J. Cardiovasc. Electr. 22, 436–439 (2011).
    doi: 10.1111/j.1540-8167.2010.01929.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  46. Lu L. Cardiac fibrosis in the ageing heart: contributors and mechanisms. Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. 44, 55–63 (2017).
    doi: 10.1111/1440-1681.12753google scholar: lookup
  47. Nath LC. Histological evaluation of cardiac remodelling in equine athletes. Sci. Rep. 14, 16709 (2024).
    doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-67621-6google scholar: lookup
  48. Qu LJ. Effect of Baseline Impedance in Radiofrequency Delivery on Lesion Characteristics and the Relationship Between Impedance and Steam Pops. Front. Cardiovasc. Med. (2022).
    doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.872961google scholar: lookup
  49. Bourier F. RF electrode-tissue coverage significantly influences steam pop incidence and lesion size. J. Cardiovasc. Electr. 32, 1594–1599 (2021).
    doi: 10.1111/jce.15063google scholar: lookup
  50. Olson MD. Effect of catheter movement and contact during application of radiofrequency energy on ablation lesion characteristics. J. Interv Card Electr. 38, 123–129 (2013).
    doi: 10.1007/s10840-013-9824-4google scholar: lookup

Citations

This article has been cited 1 times.
  1. Teumer Y, Ziemssen H, Katov L, Bothner C, Mayer B, Rottbauer W, Weinmann-Emhardt K. Comparative lesion metrics analysis of very high power and high power short duration radiofrequency ablation in a Porcine ex vivo model. Sci Rep 2025 Jun 20;15(1):20215.
    doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-06533-5pubmed: 40542113google scholar: lookup
Subscribe to our newsletter
Join 100,113 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.