In vitro evaluation of the effect of dimethyl sulfoxide on equine articular cartilage matrix metabolism.
Abstract: To evaluate the effects of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on equine articular cartilage matrix metabolism. Methods: Using a cartilage explant culture system, proteoglycan (PG) synthesis, PG release, lactate metabolism, chondrocyte viability, and metabolism recovery were determined after cartilage exposure to DMSO. Methods: Cartilage harvested from metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints of 12 horses (age range, 1 to 10 years). Methods: Explants were exposed to concentrations of DMSO (1% to 20%) for variable times (3 to 72 hours). PG synthesis and release were determined by a radiolabel incorporation assay and dimethylmethylene blue (DMMB) dye assay, respectively. Lactate released into culture media was measured, and chondrocyte viability was assessed using the Formizan Conversion Assay and a paravital staining protocol. Metabolism recovery was assessed in explants that were allowed to recover in maintenance media after exposure to DMSO. Results: PG synthesis and lactate metabolism were inhibited in a dose- and time-dependent manner after exposure to DMSO concentrations > or = 5%; there was no significant alteration in PG release. No change in chondrocyte viability was detected after incubation with DMSO. PG synthesis and lactate metabolism returned to baseline rates when allowed a recovery period after exposure to DMSO. Conclusions: DMSO concentrations > or = 5% suppress equine articular cartilage matrix metabolism. Suppression of PG synthesis and lactate metabolism is reversible and does not appear to be the result of chondrocyte death. Conclusions: Equine clinicians adding DMSO to intraarticular lavage solutions should be aware that DMSO may have deleterious effects on equine articular cartilage matrix metabolism.
Publication Date: 2000-08-05 PubMed ID: 10917285DOI: 10.1053/jvet.2000.5607Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This research article evaluates the effects of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on the metabolic function of horse cartilage. The researchers found that DMSO in concentrations of 5% or more depressed the metabolism of horse cartilage, albeit reversible and without leading to cell death.
Methods
- The authors collected cartilage from metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints of 12 horses of various ages (1 to 10 years).
- The cartilage samples (or explants) were exposed to varying concentrations of DMSO (from 1% to 20%) for different time periods (between 3 and 72 hours).
- The synthesis and release of Proteoglycans (PG) were measured using a radiolabel incorporation assay and dimethylmethylene blue (DMMB) dye assay.
- Lactate released into the culture medium was also measured to ascertain metabolic activity.
- The viability of chondrocytes (cartilage cells) after being subjected to DMSO was determined using the Formizan Conversion Assay and a paravital staining protocol.
- After being exposed to DMSO, the cartilage explants were allowed to recuperate in maintenance media to assess if metabolism could recover.
Results
- It was observed that after exposure to DMSO concentrations at or greater than 5%, the production of PG and lactate was inhibited in line with the dose and duration of DMSO exposure. However, there was no significant change observed in the rate of PG release.
- There was no detectable change in the viability of chondrocytes following the inclusion of DMSO.
- The suppressed production rates of PG and lactate were found to return to normal levels during a recovery period after being exposed to DMSO.
Conclusions
- High concentrations of DMSO (at or exceeding 5%) reduce the metabolic activity of equine articular cartilage.
- The suppression of PG synthesis and lactate metabolism is reversible and is not a result of chondrocyte death.
- Equine clinicians who use DMSO in intraarticular lavage solutions should be aware of the potential detrimental effects on equine articular cartilage metabolism.
Cite This Article
APA
Smith CL, MacDonald MH, Tesch AM, Willits NH.
(2000).
In vitro evaluation of the effect of dimethyl sulfoxide on equine articular cartilage matrix metabolism.
Vet Surg, 29(4), 347-357.
https://doi.org/10.1053/jvet.2000.5607 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital and the Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / pharmacology
- Animals
- Cartilage, Articular / drug effects
- Cartilage, Articular / metabolism
- Cell Survival / drug effects
- Chondrocytes / cytology
- Chondrocytes / drug effects
- Culture Techniques
- Dimethyl Sulfoxide / pharmacology
- Horse Diseases / therapy
- Horses / metabolism
- Joint Diseases / therapy
- Joint Diseases / veterinary
- Lactic Acid / metabolism
- Proteoglycans / biosynthesis
- Therapeutic Irrigation / veterinary
Citations
This article has been cited 3 times.- Sotelo EDP, Vendruscolo CP, Fülber J, Seidel SRT, Jaramillo FM, Agreste FR, Silva LCLCD, Baccarin RYA. Effects of Joint Lavage with Dimethylsulfoxide on LPS-Induced Synovitis in Horses-Clinical and Laboratorial Aspects. Vet Sci 2020 Apr 30;7(2).
- Wilson CG, Palmer AW, Zuo F, Eugui E, Wilson S, Mackenzie R, Sandy JD, Levenston ME. Selective and non-selective metalloproteinase inhibitors reduce IL-1-induced cartilage degradation and loss of mechanical properties. Matrix Biol 2007 May;26(4):259-68.
- Chang H, Liu L, Zhang Q, Xu G, Wang J, Chen P, Li C, Guo X, Yang Z, Zhang F. A comparative metabolomic analysis reveals the metabolic variations among cartilage of Kashin-Beck disease and osteoarthritis. Bone Joint Res 2024 Jul 17;13(7):362-371.
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