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Home / Equine Research Bank / J Vet Pharmacol Ther / In vivo joint synovial fluid disposition of a novel sustaine...
Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics2021; 45(2); 167-176; doi: 10.1111/jvp.13033

In vivo joint synovial fluid disposition of a novel sustained-release formulation of diclofenac and hyaluronic acid in horses.

Abstract: Intra-articular administration of sustained-release anti-inflammatory drugs is indicated in horses suffering from joint inflammation, but no such drugs are labelled for veterinary use. To obtain initial data on synovial disposition and safety of a new sustained-release formulation of diclofenac (SYN321) in the joints of horses, an experimental interventional study of elimination and side effects of intra-articular administration of SYN321 was conducted. Nine clinically sound horses were included in the study, and SYN321 was administered by the intra-articular route. Dose ranges and sampling intervals were established in a pilot study with two horses, and then applied in a main study involving seven horses treated in the fetlock joint. Diclofenac was detected above lower limit of quantification (LOQ: 0.5 ng/ml) in synovial fluid throughout the study period (14 days), and below LOQ (0.1 ng/ml) in plasma after 4 days and in urine after 14 days. No obvious clinical side effects were detected. Clinical examination and objective lameness evaluation suggested that SYN321 has potential as a local joint NSAID treatment with sustained release in horses, but further studies on synovial fluid exposure, safety and clinical efficacy are warranted.
© 2021 The Authors. Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Publication Date: 2021-12-03 PubMed ID: 34862600DOI: 10.1111/jvp.13033Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research is about a novel sustained-release formulation called SYN321, containing diclofenac and hyaluronic acid, tested for its effectiveness and safety in treating joint inflammation in horses via intra-articular administration.

Introduction and Purpose

  • The introduction explains the common use of intra-articular administration for anti-inflammatory drugs in horses. However, it points out that there are no such drugs currently labeled for veterinary use, illustrating a gap in treatment options.
  • The purpose of this research was to gather initial data on the use and safety of a new sustained-release formulation of diclofenac named SYN321 in horse joints.

Design and Procedure

  • An experimental interventional study was conducted, assessing not only the efficacy but also the potential side effects of administering SYN321 intra-articularly.
  • Nine clinically sound horses participated in the study. Dosage ranges and sampling intervals were first established through a pilot study using two horses, before being applied to a larger study involving seven horses treated in the fetlock joint.

Results and Observations

  • The results of this study showed that diclofenac was present in the synovial fluid of the horses throughout the study period of 14 days, indicating that the drug was released consistently.
  • At the same time, the presence of diclofenac in plasma was reduced to below the lower limit of quantification (LOQ: 0.5 ng/ml) after 4 days, and its presence in urine was also reduced to below LOQ (0.1 ng/ml) after 14 days.
  • Importantly, no obvious clinical side effects were observed among the horses participating in the study.
  • Through clinical examination and objective lameness evaluation, it was suggested that SYN321 may provide a viable and safe solution for sustained joint nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) treatment in horses.

Conclusion and Future Work

  • While the results are promising, the researchers note that further research is critical to fully confirm the potential of SYN321 as a therapeutic option.
  • Future studies should focus on obtaining more detailed data about SYN321’s exposure in synovial fluid, any potential risks, and its overall effectiveness in clinical settings.

Cite This Article

APA
Rhodin M, Haubro Andersen P, Holm Forsström K, Ekstrand C. (2021). In vivo joint synovial fluid disposition of a novel sustained-release formulation of diclofenac and hyaluronic acid in horses. J Vet Pharmacol Ther, 45(2), 167-176. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvp.13033

Publication

Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics
ISSN: 1365-2885
NlmUniqueID: 7910920
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 45
Issue: 2
Pages: 167-176

Researcher Affiliations

Rhodin, Marie
  • Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
Haubro Andersen, Pia
  • Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
Holm Forsström, Karin
  • Equine Clinic, University Animal Hospital, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
Ekstrand, Carl
  • Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Delayed-Action Preparations / therapeutic use
  • Diclofenac
  • Horse Diseases / drug therapy
  • Horses
  • Hyaluronic Acid
  • Injections, Intra-Articular / veterinary
  • Pilot Projects
  • Synovial Fluid

Grant Funding

  • Tillväxtverket

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Citations

This article has been cited 3 times.
  1. Korac L, St George L, MacNicol J, McCrae P, Jung L, Golestani N, Karrow N, Cánovas A, Pearson W. Functional and biochemical inflammatory responses to low-dose intra-articular recombinant equine IL-1β: a pilot study. Front Vet Sci 2025;12:1746738.
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  2. Palma C, Piazza S, Visone R, Ringom R, Björklund U, Bermejo Gómez A, Rasponi M, Occhetta P. An Advanced Mechanically Active Osteoarthritis-on-Chip Model to Test Injectable Therapeutic Formulations: The SYN321 Case Study. Adv Healthc Mater 2024 Dec;13(32):e2401187.
    doi: 10.1002/adhm.202401187pubmed: 39318108google scholar: lookup
  3. Song Y, Day CM, Afinjuomo F, Tan JE, Page SW, Garg S. Advanced Strategies of Drug Delivery via Oral, Topical, and Parenteral Administration Routes: Where Do Equine Medications Stand?. Pharmaceutics 2023 Jan 4;15(1).
    doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010186pubmed: 36678815google scholar: lookup
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