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Assessment of repeatability of a wireless, inertial sensor-based lameness evaluation system for horses.
Abstract: To determine repeatability of a wireless, inertial sensor-based lameness evaluation system in horses. Methods: 236 horses. Methods: Horses were from 2 to 29 years of age and of various breeds and lameness disposition. All horses were instrumented with a wireless, inertial sensor-based motion analysis system on the head (accelerometer), pelvis (midline croup region [accelerometer]), and right forelimb (gyroscope) before evaluation in 2 consecutive trials, approximately 5 minutes apart, as the horse was trotted in a straight line. Signal-processing algorithms generated overall trial asymmetry measures for vertical head and pelvic movement and stride-by-stride differences in head and pelvic maximum and minimum positions between right and left sides of each stride. Repeatability was determined, and trial difference was determined for groups of horses with various numbers of strides for which data were collected per trial. Results: Inertial sensor-based measures of torso movement asymmetry were repeatable. Repeatability for measures of torso asymmetry for determination of hind limb lameness was slightly greater than that for forelimb lameness. Collecting large numbers of strides degraded stride-to-stride repeatability but did not degrade intertrial repeatability. Conclusions: The inertial sensor system used to measure asymmetry of head and pelvic movement as an aid in the detection and evaluation of lameness in horses trotting in a straight line was sufficiently repeatable to investigate for clinical use.
Publication Date: 2011-09-02 PubMed ID: 21879972DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.72.9.1156Google Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Evaluation Study
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
- Research Support
- U.S. Gov't
- Non-P.H.S.
Summary
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This study evaluates the repeatability of a wireless sensor system designed to assess lameness in horses by measuring torso movement asymmetry. The sensor system was found to be sufficiently repeatable, indicating its potential usefulness in clinical applications.
Methods
- The study involved 236 horses of various ages, breeds, and lameness dispositions.
- All of these horses were equipped with a wireless, sensor-based motion analysis system. The system, which utilized an accelerometer and a gyroscope, was placed on the horses’ heads, their midline croup region (part of the pelvis), and their right forelimbs.
- Two evaluation trials were conducted, approximately five minutes apart, during which the horses were trotted in a straight line.
- Data for torso movement asymmetry was obtained through signal-processing algorithms, which calculated stride-by-stride differences and overall trial asymmetry measures.
Results
- The sensor-based measurements of body movement asymmetry were found to be repeatable, meaning the system produced consistent results across the two trials.
- The repeatability of measurements for hind limb lameness was slightly higher than for forelimb lameness, suggesting that this system might be slightly more effective for detecting the former.
- Collecting more stride data slightly decreased stride-to-stride repeatability but did not affect intertrial repeatability. This indicates that the consistency of readings was maintained regardless of the number of strides recorded.
Conclusions
- The research concluded that the sensor-based system used for detecting and measuring lameness in horses, by observing asymmetry in head and pelvic movement, was repeatable enough to warrant further investigation for clinical usage.
- However, more research is needed to refine and further validate the system’s efficacy in clinical settings.
Cite This Article
APA
Keegan KG, Kramer J, Yonezawa Y, Maki H, Pai PF, Dent EV, Kellerman TE, Wilson DA, Reed SK.
(2011).
Assessment of repeatability of a wireless, inertial sensor-based lameness evaluation system for horses.
Am J Vet Res, 72(9), 1156-1163.
https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.72.9.1156 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA. keegank@missouri.edu
MeSH Terms
- Algorithms
- Animals
- Female
- Forelimb / physiopathology
- Gait
- Head / physiology
- Hindlimb / physiopathology
- Horse Diseases / diagnosis
- Horse Diseases / physiopathology
- Horses
- Lameness, Animal / diagnosis
- Lameness, Animal / physiopathology
- Male
- Monitoring, Ambulatory / instrumentation
- Monitoring, Ambulatory / methods
- Monitoring, Ambulatory / veterinary
- Motor Activity
- Pelvis / physiology
- Reproducibility of Results
- Torso / physiology
- Wireless Technology / instrumentation
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